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Introduction to the Evolving Toolbox
Published in Alex Gorod, Leonie Hallo, Vernon Ireland, Indra Gunawan, Evolving Toolbox for Complex Project Management, 2019
George Box, a famous British statistician, said: “All models are wrong, but some are useful” [16]. Having visualized concepts, M&S is needed in order to observe the changing dynamics of the situation. It is the responsibility of the complex project manager to come up with models that are practical and as representative of the problem space as possible. These can then be simulated against the environment. Clearly, there are many benefits to M&S. Modeling is a common human activity. Psychologists have written about simple models in the form of mind maps for many decades. A mind map is a way of organizing information visually to show the relationships among the various segments of the whole. This process has been used in problem solving and training across a wide range of domains [17]. At a broader level, the many advantages of modeling were described by Epstein [18], who argues that people often build models that are implicit rather than explicit. It is only when models are made explicit that they can be tested. In the case of Fukushima, given the magnitude of the recovery process, individual approaches in the form of explicit models could be tested to determine their applicability before applying them in real life, thereby avoiding liability issues and minimizing financial expenditure. M&S makes it possible to identify and test how external factors might affect the project, and this can subsequently enable policy dialogues and lead to better public understanding of the scope of the project. Chapter 19: Modeling and Simulation Toolset presents contemporary M&S techniques as applied to complex project management. In addition, an overview of the three most prevalent modeling paradigms, system dynamics, agent-based, and discrete event, is provided using case studies in complex project management.
Design and graphical communication
Published in Mike Tooley, Engineering GCSE, 2012
Another technique that is used to generate ideas is mind mapping. A mind map is a sketch or drawing that allows you to identify all the factors that need to be taken into account when developing a solution to a design brief. The name of the product or service appears at the centre of the mind map and each of the solutions and other factors are placed around it. The map can then be progressively expanded as more detail is added.
Problem Identification for Risk Management
Published in Charles Yoe, Principles of Risk Analysis, 2019
Mind maps are a specific kind of problem picture that is growing in popularity and ease of use. Mind maps are diagrams used to represent many ideas and their linkage to a central concept. They are extremely useful for visualizing, structuring, and classifying ideas. They are also useful for analyzing, comprehending, synthesizing, recalling, and generating new ideas as well as for illustrating problems. Mind maps can be done by hand. The basic steps for creating a mind map are: Write the key problem word or phrase in the middle of a blank sheet of paper. Draw a circle around it.Think of as many related subtopics as you can. Write them down and connect each of them to the center with a line.Treat each subtopic as if it is the central idea in its own mind map. Identify facts (or, for a complex model, another tier of subtopics) for your subtopics and repeat the process. Generate as many of these lower-level subtopics as you see fit. Connect each one to its corresponding topic.Be as visual as you can be. Use colors, photographs, stick-figure drawings, sketches, and symbols generously.Limit your words. Keep your topics, facts, and phrases as short as possible. One word is good; a picture is better.Engage your brain; use variety. Different-size print or script, colors, thickness, lengths, curvature, alignments, and so on should be used. They encourage our creativity.
Mapping associations: exploring divergent thinking through mind mapping
Published in International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation, 2019
Alex Julian Leeds, Barry Kudrowitz, Jieun Kwon
Mind maps are a non-linear, network-structured representation of one’s thoughts, most often with visual accompaniments. This organizational paradigm is based on radial thinking, which is characterized by a graph/network of ideas emanating from a specific starting idea (a root response) (Goodnough & Long, 2002; Mento, Martinelli, & Jones, 1999). The structure of a mind map can be summarized by the following constraints:There is a central idea or theme from which the mind map begins.Ideas in the form of text or images ‘radiate’ from the center and subsequent ideas using a parent-child relationship.The structure is a hierarchy of responses associated with the central idea and each other.