China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Time-Varying Fields
Published in Ahmad Shahid Khan, Saurabh Kumar Mukerji, Electromagnetic Fields, 2020
Ahmad Shahid Khan, Saurabh Kumar Mukerji
The theory based on the above postulates agrees with experiments better than classical mechanics. This theory leads to many interesting consequences. Some of these are: Relativity of simultaneity: Two events, simultaneous for one observer, may not be simultaneous for another observer if the observers are in relative motion.Time dilation: Moving clocks run slower than an observer’s “stationary” clock.Relativistic mass: The mass of a moving object is larger than its value at rest.Length contraction: Objects are shortened in the direction that they are moving with respect to the observer.Mass–energy equivalence: E= mc2, energy and mass are equivalent and mutually convertible.Maximum speed is finite: No physical object, message or field line can travel faster than the speed of light in a vacuum.
Energy: Physics
Published in Brian D. Fath, Sven E. Jørgensen, Megan Cole, Managing Air Quality and Energy Systems, 2020
Energy is a fundamental concept indivisible from matter and space, and energy exchanges or transfers are associated with all processes (or changes), thus indivisible from time. Actually, energy is “the building block” and fundamental property of matter and space, thus a fundamental property of existence. Energy transfer is needed to produce a process to change other system properties. Also, among all properties, energy is the only one that is directly related to mass and vice versa: E = mc2 (known in some literature as mass energy, or mass-energy equivalence; the c is the speed of light in a vacuum); thus, mass and energy are interrelated. Mass and energy are a manifestation of each other and are equivalent; they have a holistic meaning of mass energy.[1,2]
Introduction and Background
Published in Haym Benaroya, Mark Nagurka, Seon Han, Mechanical Vibration, 2017
Haym Benaroya, Mark Nagurka, Seon Han
Contribution: Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist. He developed the general theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics). Einstein’s work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. Einstein is best known in popular culture for his mass—energy equivalence formula E=mc2 (which has been dubbed “the world’s most famous equation”). He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his “services to theoretical physics,” in particular his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect, a pivotal step in the evolution of quantum theory
Automatically inferring technology compatibility with an ontology and graph rewriting rules
Published in Journal of Engineering Design, 2021
Regarding the presented ontology, we should emphasise that the categorisation under BFO (see Table 1) is debatable. For example, some or all fluids may not be regarded BFO objects, because they should be maximally causally unified. However, why would a solid piece of material be considered an object, while a gaseous portion of material is not? An atmosphere is a causally unified portion of gas molecules, so could be considered an object. We reason this is true for any (portion of) gas, and, by extension, for any fluid. The classification of energy as an independent continuant may also excite opposition. It is indeed common to regard energy as a dependent continuant, as it is usually described as a quantitative property of an object. However, due to the mass–energy equivalence, we argue energy should be treated on an equal level as matter. Considering, for example, radiant energy, it can either be described as the energy carried by photons, or as an electromagnetic wave that oscillates electric and magnetic fields. The views are equivalent, according to the wave–particle duality. This again suggests that energy and matter should be treated equivalently. Nonetheless, these classifications are not concrete and more work from the community is required to assert or reject them.