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Operational and systems issues
Published in Francis Rumsey, Desktop Audio Technology, 2003
Meridian Lossless Packing (MLP) is licensed through Dolby Laboratories and is a lossless coding technique designed to reduce the data rate of audio signals without compromising sound quality. It has both a variable bit rate mode and a fixed bit rate mode. The variable mode delivers the optimum compression for storing audio in computer data files, but the fixed mode is important for DVD applications where one must be able to guarantee a certain reduction in peak bit rate. The use of MLP on DVD-A discs is optional, but is an important tool in the management of bit budget. Using MLP one would be able to store separate two-channel and multichannel mixes on the same disc, avoiding the need to rely on the semiautomatic downmixing features of DVD players. Owing to the so-called Lossless Matrix technology employed, an artistically controlled L0/R0 downmix can be made at the MLP mastering stage, taking up very little extra space on the disc owing to redundancy between the multichannel and two-channel information. MLP is also the key to obtaining high resolution multichannel audio on all channels without scaling.
Multichannel stereo and surround sound systems
Published in Francis Rumsey, Spatial Audio, 2012
Meridian Lossless Packing (MLP) is a lossless data reduction technique for multichannel audio, licensed by Meridian Audio through Dolby Labs. It has been specified for the DVD-Audio format as a way of reducing the data rate required for high quality recordings without any effect on sound quality (in other words, you get back exactly the same bits you put in, which is not the case with lossy processes like Dolby Digital and MPEG). Using this technique, a sufficient playing time can be obtained from the disk whilst still enabling high audio resolution (sample rate up to 192 kHz and resolution between 16 and 24 bits) and up to six-channel surround sound.
Storage and transmission of spatial sound signals
Published in Bosun Xie, Spatial Sound, 2023
Meridian lossless packing (MLP) is a coding technique developed by Median Audio Ltd. (Gerzon et al., 2004). It aims to code the PCM audio signals losslessly for transmission and storage. MLP was first applied to the audio signal compression in DVD-Audio and then used in Dolby Ture HD. MLP does not limit the sampling frequency. It supports 16- to 24-bit quantization, and coding up to 63 channel signals, depending on the available bit rate of practical media. For application in DVD-Audio, MLP supports a sampling frequency of up to 192 kHz and exhibits a mean compression ratio of 2:1.
Virtual metrology as an approach for product quality estimation in Industry 4.0: a systematic review and integrative conceptual framework
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2022
Paul-Arthur Dreyfus, Foivos Psarommatis, Gokan May, Dimitris Kiritsis
The most studied semiconductor operation incorporating VM is plasma-etching, which usually involves removing a photoresist layer. As discussed in a 2010 review, this is a high-value-added operation usually run in open-loop, thus providing a strong motivation to control the quality of that loop using retroaction (Ringwood et al. 2010). Following the review’s recommendation, multiple control approaches have been tested based on VM, such as real-time MPC, which was highly successful and acted as a proof of concept (Lynn, Macgearailt, and Ringwood 2012). Unfortunately, no other real-time implementation of VM has emerged from the SOTA. One might think that with the emergence of ZDM, real-time consideration will soon become a hot topic. Regarding plasma-etching, it is noteworthy that the use of plasma information (PI) as an input has enabled online control and opened new opportunities for VM; PI is still very commonly used (Park et al. 2020). Speaking of features, there is still a great deal of emphasis on dimensionality reduction with a preference for feature extractions. Plasma-etching is no different from other semiconductor applications in its strong need to reduce the number of processed inputs. As concluded by a 2009 review (Zeng and Spanos 2009), due to nonlinearity, the best and most commonly used algorithm for the quality estimator is a NN. MLP was and still is the most popular choice. However, there is a notable increase in interest in CNN applications, which achieve increased accuracy and robustness compared with MLP (Tsutsui and Matsuzawa 2019). Indeed, plasma-etching is not spared from concept drift such as residue deposition (Ringwood et al. 2010), justifying the potential of CNNs. On the other hand, the implementation of the essential group component is the optimal approach for dealing with concept drift, yet it remains under-researched (Susto 2017).