China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
GIS and Transportation
Published in Dušan Teodorović, The Routledge Handbook of Transportation, 2015
Beyond the issues of origin-destination flows and routes, there are primary areas of focus unique to GIS-T: linear referencing, dynamic segmentation and intelligent transportation systems. Linear referencing represents storage and retrieval in GIS of objects and information associated with a linear feature. Examples of objects/attributes are mile markers, crash sites and signs/signals along a linear route. With greater access to and familiarity with GPS, there is a move towards storage of such information as a unique vector-based object. Dynamic segmentation is a storage and operational process for dealing with attributes of a linear feature without modifying the object to break it down to its smallest unique segments/parts. For example, consider volume of traffic along a roadway, pavement quality, level of service, etc. With multiple attributes of the linear segment, they may or may not overlap in coincidental ways, so the challenge is encoding and storage of this information without manipulating the object. This is the essence of dynamic segmentation. Intelligent transportation systems constitute a range of technologies brought together to provide operational benefits, safety improvements and enhanced user information. The technologies include sensor-based systems like radar and LIDAR combined with GPS and computer vision/processing. This is used in fleet management, collision avoidance, and signal control, but also is the foundation for emerging autonomous vehicle operation.
An efficiency based approach to multi-year network-level maintenance programming
Published in Andreas Loizos, Imad L. Al-Qadi, A. (Tom) Scarpas, Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields, 2017
The road network has many roads, defined by their geometry, number of lanes, width etc. In order to locate characteristics on the roads, a linear referencing system is associated to the network. Each road is associated with a unique identifier and a number of Location Points (LP). The position of the various objects on the road is expressed with respect to these points. For maintenance programming, roads are segmented into elementary sections of fixed length (200 m). Pavement treatments are computed for these sections. Each of them is identified uniquely and is positioned by specifying the “LP+distance” of its start and end points.
A constraint-based, efficiency optimisation approach to network-level pavement maintenance management
Published in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2019
Pierre Hankach, Tristan Lorino, Pascal Gastineau
A network comprises many roads, defined by their geometry, number of lanes, width etc. In order to identify road characteristics, a linear referencing system is associated with the network. Each road is ascribed a unique identifier and a number of location points (LP). The positions of the various objects on the roadway are expressed with respect to these points.