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Making the DMAIC Model More Lean and Agile: Analyze
Published in Terra Vanzant Stern, Lean and Agile Project Management, 2017
A line chart or line graph is a type of chart that displays information as a series of data points called markers connected by straight line segments. It is a basic type of chart common in many fields. When working with a line chart, the designer does not necessarily need to know why he or she is studying the condition, just that it is a condition worth tracking. The chart should be simple and to the point. The Y axis, which is located to the left, and the X axis located at the bottom of the graph need to have clear and concise names to make the line chart easy to understand (see Figure 11.7a).
Leaner and More Agile: Analyze
Published in Terra Vanzant Stern, Lean and Agile Project Management, 2020
A line chart or line graph is a type of chart that displays information as a series of data points called markers connected by straight line segments. It is a basic type of chart common in many fields. When working with a line chart, the designer does not necessarily need to know why he or she is studying the condition, just that it is a condition worth tracking. The chart should be simple and to the point. The Y axis, which is located to the left, and the X axis located at the bottom of the graph need to have clear and concise names to make the line chart easy to understand (see Figure 12.9a).
Statistics
Published in Paul L. Goethals, Natalie M. Scala, Daniel T. Bennett, Mathematics in Cyber Research, 2022
When dealing with a large amount of data, the use of graphical representations can make complex information easier to view and interpret. Graphical images are exhibited through various tables, charts, or graphs. The types of data and the information to be displayed often determine which graph is appropriate for use. Graphical displays for qualitative (or categorical) data are often combined with quantitative measures to enable information clarity—for example, when studying trends or proportions. Some graphs (Figure 9.4) that are commonly used for qualitative data are: Bar graph: A bar graph can be represented vertically or horizontally depending on the presentation of the data. The categories (classes or groups) of the qualitative data are represented by bars. The height or length of each bar can either be the category frequency, relative frequency, or percentage, which typically refers to a quantitative measure. Bar graphs can be displayed as single, stacked, or grouped. It should be noted that some platforms, such as Microsoft Excel make a distinction between bar charts and column charts (or vertical bar charts). Data in a bar chart is often presented horizontally with the data frequencies on the x-axis and the categories on the y-axis, whereas data in a column chart is presented vertically with categories on the x-axis and data frequencies on the y-axis.Line graph: A line graph is similar to a bar graph where the categories of qualitative data are represented by lines instead of bars. A line graph is appropriate only when both thex- and y-axes display ordinal data, rather than nominal data. Although bar graphs can also be used in this situation, line graphs are generally better for studying a trend or comparing changes over time.Pie Chart: A pie chart is represented as a circular graph (a pie) that has been cut into several slices. Each slice of the pie represents a different category of qualitative data. The size of each slice is proportional to the category of the relative frequency. A pie chart is best used to showcase a scenario in which proportion is the primary information to be displayed.Pareto chart: A Pareto chart consists of a bar graph with the categories (the bars) arranged by height in descending order from left (higher frequency) to right (lower frequency) and a line graph in the secondary axis representing the information of cumulative relative frequency.
Transportation data visualization with a focus on freight: a literature review
Published in Transportation Planning and Technology, 2022
Yunfei Ma, Amir Amiri, Elkafi Hassini, Saiedeh Razavi
The line graph (or line chart) is one of the simplest visualization techniques, representing the change of a variate over time (Ferreira et al. 2013). However, the line graph is not a very popular method for displaying temporal patterns because trajectory data based on time often exhibit periodicity which makes a radial map a better choice for showing recursive events (Jin et al. 2019). For the XY-axis-based analysis of temporal events, the y-axis is used to show attributes and the x-axis to show the time. The line graph represents the progress of attribute-value according to time. Figure 21(a) shows the different traffic patterns by a line graph, where each line graph could be used also as a fingerprint for traffic pattern visualizations (Wang, Lu, and Li 2020). Line graph serves as the analysis for temporal attributes and is usually combined within a larger hybrid visualization. The advantage of the line graph for temporal analysis is that it can represent multiple attributes and stack them on the same x-axis. It is visually obvious for the user to identify potential patterns based on time, compared to the radial diagram layout which could mostly have 1–2 attributes, and the inner and outer rings are different in scales for comparison (Bak et al. 2015). However, the disadvantage of the line graph is that it is hard to represent the periodicity of the attribute. A radial map is better for the visualization of the periodicity of attributes. Figure 21(b) shows a combination of weather data and traffic patterns in the line graph. The combination of different layers of attributes on a line graph could facilitate the analysis of co-occurrence patterns for events like traffic bottlenecks and extreme weather conditions (AL-Dohuki et al. 2021).