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Electric vehicles and smart grid interactions
Published in Rajkumar Viral, Anuradha Tomar, Divya Asija, U. Mohan Rao, Adil Sarwar, Smart Grids for Renewable Energy Systems, Electric Vehicles and Energy Storage Systems, 2023
Indian Scenario: The growth of vehicle ownership in India has increased rapidly, with ownership per 1000 people from 53 in 2001 to 167 in 2015 [21]. The Indian electric mobility market is enabled by policy, regulations, improved business models, investment opportunities and economics. In order to create demand for EV vehicles, the Department of Heavy Industry began incentives programmes, named FAME-I and FAME-II. Under the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020 (NEMMP-2020), FAME-I gave support to 2.8 lakh EVs and HEVs with total demand incentives of INR 970 crore (USD 130 million), a combined number which saved approximately seven crore litres of fuel and over seventeen crore kg of CO2 emissions [22]. FAME-II started in 2019 with budget of INR 10,000 crore (USD 1.4 billion), aiming to drive large-scale EV adoption and the development of a charging infrastructure and EV ecosystem. Vehicles under FAME-II will eliminate seventy four Lakh tonnes of CO2 emission over their lifetime. The economics of the EV market is improving gradually with time, driven by cost cutting in battery prices and improvements in vehicle operational efficiency. Now international firms are also investing in the Indian EV market. For example, the International Finance Corporation (IFC) has invested USD 8 million in Lithium Urban Technology based in Bengaluru in April 2018. By 2030, the capital cost of India’s vehicles transition would be USD 266 billion, of which India’s EV financing market will hold a share of USD 50 billion [23], as shown in Figure 2.7.
Sustainable automobiles
Published in Rajeev Agrawal, J. Paulo Davim, Maria L. R. Varela, Monica Sharma, Industry 4.0 and Climate Change, 2023
India has recognized the urgency to develop cleaner and more effective transportation solutions to reduce dependence on international oil, control CO2 emissions and with the vision to establish itself as a manufacturing hub, it seeks to switch to electricity. The Indian government has set itself an ambitious target of complete electrification in the country by 2030, for which the NITI Aayog (think tank) has been outlining the long-term strategy [2]. According to the Automotive Mission Plan 2016–2026, with the introduction of EVs, the Indian automotive sector is expected to become a huge engine of job creation for the country with around 6.5 crore jobs to create over the decade. Although the EV market share is currently less than 1%, the country’s ambitious target of global EV30 @ 30 initiative, which sets a goal of 30% new EV sales by 2030, expects to add around 2.5 crore 2-wheeled vehicles, 29 lakh 3-wheeled vehicles and 54 lakh 4-wheeled vehicles [3]. Presently, around 23 Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEMs) offer EV models which are circulating in the Indian market. In India, currently, these vehicles are coming across various assessments like life cycle assessment, high charging time, driving range anxiety and insufficient infrastructure. Although technological advancements, incentives for the purchase and development of public charging stations are looking to accelerate the growth of EVs in India.
The Future of Mobility is Electric
Published in Ajay Mathur, Adair Turner, Noëmie Leprince-Ringuet, Green, Reliable and Viable, 2019
A NITI Aayog report released in 2018 said India can save 64% of anticipated passenger road-based mobility related energy demand and 37% of carbon emissions in 2030 by pursuing a shared, electric and connected mobility strategy. This, according to the report would result in a reduction of 156 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) in diesel and petrol consumption for that year. At $52/barrel (bbl) of crude oil, this would imply net savings of roughly ₹3.9 lakh crore (approximately $60 billion) in 2030.
Progressive Trends in Bio-Fuel Policies in India: Targets and Implementation Strategy
Published in Biofuels, 2019
Shreemohan Kumar Sinha, K. A. Subramanian, Har Mohan Singh, V.V. Tyagi, Akhilesh Mishra
MNRE provides a central financial assistance to wide range of bioenergy projects in the country. This scheme has fixed on the basis of project capacity and its application. The bioenergy projects are eligible for financial assistance at various level of project stages such 15,000 INR per kW for the distributed/off-grid power projects in rural area and grid-connected power projects with 100 percent producer gas engines or biomass, 10,000-100,000 INR per more than 100 kW to 1 MW support for the project verification and certification, 100,000 INR for captive or grid-connected generation project’s preparation of detailed project report maximum 3 lakh INR for operation and maintenance and many other incentives also incorporated such special category states eligible for 20 percent higher financial support. Kumar et al., (2015) [38] extracted various central financial assistance in their article. These central financial assistances can help to elevate the power production present time. Table 6 shows current bioenergy potential and generation of bioenergy among various Indian states.