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Building Construction Technology and Management
Published in P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani, Practical Civil Engineering, 2021
P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani
Flushing cisterns: Flushing is achieved by storing the water required for each flush in a cistern placed above the WC. Cisterns placed about 1800 mm above the floor level provide enough pressure for efficient flushing of wash-down squatting WCs through a 32 mm diameter flush pipe. Some designs have low-level cisterns. An inverted bell with a mechanism to lift it momentarily by a lever or chain is installed over the flush pipe terminating at the high water level in a cistern. Operation of the lever creates a partial vacuum inside the bell thus enabling the atmospheric pressure to push the water in the cistern into the flush pipe by siphonic action. Siphonic cisterns operate only when the cistern is full of water and hence do not waste water by overflow.
Experimental and Scale Analysis of a Solid/Liquid Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage System
Published in Heat Transfer Engineering, 2019
Ali Siahpush, James O'Brien, John Crepeau, Piyush Sabharwall
An examination of the experimentally observed pattern of melting confirmed the progression through the four regimes of melting. For very short melting times, vertical near-wall isotherms indicated that conduction was the sole means of heat transfer. However, the upward flow of fluid, due to the natural convection which accompanied melting, caused the solid material to take on a curvature near its top. The accumulation of liquid on top of the solid caused a downward melting in addition to inward melting. This type of melting was perpetuated by natural convection, which developed in the liquid region. Melt shapes corresponding to the completion of selected tests were measured and reported. The inverted bell shape of the cavities demonstrated the dominant role of natural convection in the melting problem.
Analysis of Bullwhip effect: A Behavioral Approach
Published in Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal, 2019
Maaz Hasan Khan, Salma Ahmed, Danish Hussain
Some studies (Ruël, Van Donk, and Van Der Vaart 2006; Meyer and Purvanova 2013) have blamed the Sensation/Thrill seeking facet of extraversion to be the root cause for the extraverts incurring greater CC and BWE. The risk takers are sensation seekers and thus react to any stimulus very soon. They start over-ordering as soon as they notice the first glitch in the ordering pattern which further deteriorates the stability of the Supply chain. Over-ordering causes greater CC and greater inventory of goods thereby sometimes decrease the Backorders. This situation can also be understood from the perspective of Yerkes-Dodson law about the relationship between task arousal and performance. The law states that the performance of an individual depends upon the level of physiological or mental arousal for performing a task until an optimum arousal level is achieved. Further increase in the level of arousal beyond this optimum value causes a reduction in performance. One usually gets an inverted bell shape curve with performance on the Y-axis and Arousal on the X-axis as shown in Figure 15. Maximum performance is achieved at an optimum arousal level, somewhere midway.