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Methodologies
Published in Gideon Samid, Computer-Organized Cost Engineering, 2020
There are three well-known concepts that seem to cover the territory of organization: hierarchy, feedback, and indirection. Hierarchy helps to manage complexity. Feedback prevents “problem blindness,” and indirection is a problem-solving tool.
Blockchain evaluation framework for supply chain management: a decision-making approach
Published in Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal, 2022
Batool Alawi, Muneer Mohammed Saeed Al Mubarak, Allam Hamdan
In order to develop the proposed MCDM, a level by level approach will be followed by integrating Fuzzy set theory and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). AHP is a mathematical tool that was developed by Thomas Saaty in 1980. It is widely used in management for establishing list or priorities to choose the most profitable alternatives for complex scenarios or possibilities. AHP helps in capturing both subjective and objective dimension of a decision by reducing the complex components to a series of pairwise comparisons. In addition, this methodology provides useful techniques for validating the consistency of the evaluations, which reduces the bias during the decision-making process (Chang 1996). Fuzzy AHP will be used to handle the vagueness and uncertainty of human judgement of the decision maker’s preferences (Perçin 2008). The first stage of the research design is a qualitative approach that focuses on a comprehensive literature review to collate Blockchain evaluation criteria. The following diagram presented in figure 11 demonstrates the research methodology by breaking in to three main steps.
Modern tools for holistic assessment of ambiguity and risk: a case study of three Latin American Mega Transport Projects
Published in Journal of Mega Infrastructure & Sustainable Development, 2020
Thus, other methodologies have emerged, such as the application of fuzzy set theory, and analytic hierarchy process, for the assessment and management of risks in construction projects. The conceptualization of fuzzy set theory was first developed by Zadeh (1975), and was proposed for the analysis of risks in construction projects by Kangari and Riggs (1989). It considers the imprecision and vagueness of the construction risk factors when numerically representing the subjectivity of the words used by those who assess risk based on linguistic variables and membership functions. In simple terms, fuzzy sets (uncertain sets) are like sets whose elements have degrees of membership (this is explained in detail in Subsection 2.4). Besides, the conceptualization of the second, analytic hierarchy process, was developed by Saaty (1980) and applied to project risk management for the first time by Mustafa and Al-Bahar (1991). It is used to structure a complex decision-making process, systematizing relative priorities among criteria.
A generic optimization framework for resilient systems
Published in Optimization Methods and Software, 2023
Marc E. Pfetsch, Andreas Schmitt
The multi-level form of Problem (3) indicates that it is necessary to consider higher levels of the polynomial time hierarchy than the complexity class NP to characterize its computational complexity. For an introduction of the hierarchy we refer to Arora and Barak [7] or Papadimitriou [51]. The complexity class is found on the third level of the hierarchy. It can be defined to be the collection of decision problems which can be written as a logical formula for a Boolean predicate P, which can be evaluated in polynomial time of the size of the Boolean variables .