China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The Role of IoT in Smart Technologies
Published in Parag Chatterjee, Robin Singh Bhadoria, Yadunath Pathak, 5G and Beyond, 2022
Ashish Bagwari, Jyotshana Bagwari, Taniya Anand, Brijesh Kumar Chaurasia, R.P.S. Gangwar, Mohammad Kamrul Hasan
Cellular describes IoT applications that can be operated as well as controlled over an extended distance and can utilize the global cellular mobile communication protocols3G,4G or LTE for information exchange. It can transmit and receive a large amount of information at a speed of 35 to 170 Kilobits per second for General Packet Radio Service, 120 to 384 kilobits per second for Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution, 384 Kilobits per second to 2 Megabits per second for Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, 600 Kilobits per second to 10Megabits per second for High-Speed Packet Access, 3 to 10 Megabits per second for Long Term Evolution and 20+ Megabits per second for 4G, which is expensive and uses a lot of power for data transmission. However, a sensor-based low-bandwidth-data project could be a very good choice to spread into a larger area and when a small amount of information has to be transmitted over the internet. A product using this protocol is the SparqEEscope of items, just like the first smallCELLv1.0 less expensive development board and a progression of safeguard interfacing sheets viable with the Arduino platforms and Raspberry Pi. Cellular protocols operate on various frequencies like 900/1800/1900/2100MHz and the distance range of this technology is 35km maximum for GSM and 200km maximum for HSPA.
Safety Guidelines for Electromagnetic Field Exposure and Mobile Towers
Published in Jitendra Behari, Radio Frequency and Microwave Effects on Biological Tissues, 2019
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) are two dominant technologies for mobile communication. These two technologies differ in the way calls and data travel over the mobile phone networks. On comparing both the technologies, GSM has some limitation when the call quality is concerned but still has more flexibility and an easy implementation relative to the CDMA technology. The major difference between the two lies in terms of security factors, their global reach and the data transfer speeds. While in use, the distance from the antenna to user head is about 2 cm or less. Therefore, the user is in the near-field of the source and simple field calculations are not appropriate for the purpose or even a measurement offers no reliability to assess the actual exposure and any field measurement is not possible, more so to calculate the dose.
Wearable Communication and IOT Systems Basics
Published in Albert Sabban, Wearable Systems and Antennas Technologies for 5G, IOT and Medical Systems, 2020
GSM is a cell phone standard called Global System for Mobile Communications. GSM provides standard features like phone call encryption, data networking, caller ID, call forwarding, call waiting, short message service (SMS) and conferencing. GSM cell phone technology works in the 1900 MHz band in the United States and the 900 MHz band in Europe and Asia. GSM phones use a subscriber identification module (SIM) card to store the subscriber’s information, such as phone number and other data, that proves that a user is in fact a subscriber to that carrier. Several cellular phones need a SIM card in order to identify the owner and communicate with the mobile network.
Proactive maintenance of small wind turbines using IoT and machine learning models
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2022
Yoganand Selvaraj, Chithra Selvaraj
The prototype of the application has been implemented as an experimental setup with the components of microcontroller, GSM shield, Wi-Fi communication access shield, sensors for sensing the parameters related to WT application as shown in Figure 5. The arduino board acts as a microcontroller and the code for accessing the interface can be embedded into the board. The GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is a popular widely used digital cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services. GSM is used together with Wi-Fi is a technology for wireless local area networking with devices based on the IEEE 802.11 standard. The microcontroller is interfaced with sensors for sensing (wind speed, vibration, temperature, and output power) the current environmental parameters of SWTs.
Technology Forecasting in the Mobile Telecommunication Industry: A Case Study Towards the 5G Era
Published in Engineering Management Journal, 2021
Gokhan Kalem, Ozalp Vayvay, Bahar Sennaroglu, Hakan Tozan
The world witnessed numerous advancements in information and communication technologies after the first mobile dialogue took place over the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network, also known as 2G, in 1991. GSM was developed as a global technology with improved features compared with the so-called First Generation, or 1G, telecom systems, which were offered as local solutions in some countries, thus preventing their global reach. The globalized footprint of the GSM systems was complemented with enhanced mobility in the Third Generation of Mobile Telecommunications (3G), which provided information over the Internet anywhere and anytime, and the iPhone introduced by Steve Jobs in 2007 was one of the most influential triggers in this direction. Soon afterward, the Fourth Generation of Mobile Telecommunications (4G), known as Long Term Evolution (LTE), started to dominate the mobile telecommunication sector in mid-2010s by providing faster connection speeds. For instance, based on the recent research performed by the Korean Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, it is stated that LTE customers experience mobile data download and upload speeds 15 times faster than those using 3G technology (Jung & Kwon, 2015). This is achievable because LTE is not defined as just one technology or standard but as a compatible combination of technologies and protocols evolving over time. In particular, fiber optic technologies and advanced transmission capabilities have proven to be a significant contribution to the enhancement of mobile communications when going from 3G to LTE. The end result is that mobile broadband usage has grown significantly in recent years with the help of skyrocketing numbers of smartphones (Chiyangwa & Alexander, 2016; Kongaut & Bohlin, 2016; Trestian et al., 2017).
The key modules involved in the evolution of an effective instrumentation and communication network in smart grids: a review
Published in Smart Science, 2023
Cellular communication technologies that are often used for mobile communication include GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and GPRS (General Packet Radio Service). They can be used in smart grids for functions like remote monitoring and demand response.