China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Insight
Published in Wanda Grimsgaard, Design and Strategy, 2023
A research process starts by developing a problem statement. Once the problem statement has been formulated, the foundation is ready to select research methods. It is done based on what is most appropriate in order to gather the necessary information or data, and most often several different surveys are needed. After the research is completed and the data is collected, the information is analysed in order to identify data that are relevant to finding answers to the problem statement and solving the task. In simple intuitive research that is process-based, the findings will be immediately applied in the context of the task. For larger studies, it would be natural to create documentation by drawing up a report describing the process, highlighting the findings and reflecting on their significance for the task that needs to be solved.
Monitor Process Safety Program Effectiveness
Published in James A. Klein, Bruce K. Vaughen, Process Safety, 2017
James A. Klein, Bruce K. Vaughen
Audit findings involve gaps observed in the design, implementation, or performance of process safety programs relative to both regulatory and corporate/business/facility requirements. Findings are written to document the gap, and depending on the audit protocol, specific recommendations may also be written to suggest possible approaches for improving the gap. Both findings and recommendations should be written carefully so that the gaps are clearly identified, specific improvements are suggested (but normally not required, since other approaches may also be feasible), and personnel ultimately assigned to correct the gaps will know what to do. Findings may be classified by type such as regulatory, policy, or observation and by priority such as 1, 2, or 3, if some findings have greater urgency for follow-up. A report of the findings must be documented, providing a summary of the audit protocol and results. In some cases, the report will primarily include the findings and recommendations, and in other cases, detailed descriptions of how the requirements are being met may also be provided, as shown in Table 12.12. In the United States, the U.S. OSHA requires that the facility certify that the audit verified that the process safety program procedures and practices are adequate and being followed in compliance with U.S. OSHA PSM requirements, as provided by the audit report. The two most recent audit reports must also be retained to demonstrate that the audits are being conducted on the required three-year frequency.
A time-dependent hyperelastic approach for evaluation on rubber creep and stress relaxation
Published in Alexander Lion, Michael Johlitz, Constitutive Models for Rubber X, 2017
R.K. Luo, M. Easthope, W.J. Mortel
It can be further postulated that the time-dependent response of industrial rubber products can be predicted based on the responses from simple specimens, e.g. the dumbbell specimen. Figure 6 (a) and (b) illustrate the creep response and the stress response of the circular mount with the experimental data based on the calculation parameters from the dumbbell specimen. For both comparisons, the hardening index ζ was unchanged. For the creep comparison on the circular mount, the parameter k on the creep simulation from the dumbbell specimen was reduced by approximately 20%. The similar reduction (approximately 20%) was also applied to the relaxation comparison for the circular spring based on the parameter used on the relaxation calculation for the dumbbell specimen. The comparisons have indicated good agreements between the predicted results and the experimental data. These findings are very useful for engineering design and applications, which could make significant savings on both cost and time in industries.
Where Did Knowledge Management Go?: A Comprehensive Survey
Published in Cybernetics and Systems, 2021
Rodrigo Oliveira de Castro, Cesar Sanin, Edward Szczerbicki, Andrew Levula
Conceptual research outputs are connected to an abstract or theoretical idea(s). Intellectuals and philosophers usually use it to create new frameworks or reinterpret existing ones. Empirical outputs, on the other hand, relies on technology, applications or documentation of patterns and behavior through experimentation. It could be a data-based analysis or evaluating findings that can be confirmed by producing practical elements or experimentation. In this type of research, it is important to find out facts first in order to actively produce the necessary information or application (Reseapro Scientific Services (P) Limited 2012).