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Functional Properties of High Entropy Alloys
Published in T.S. Srivatsan, Manoj Gupta, High Entropy Alloys, 2020
Anirudha Karati, Joydev Manna, Soumyaranajan Mishra, B.S. Murty
With the prime focus on renewable, clean, and safe technologies, a large amount of investigation has been dedicated to searching for new and alternative sources of energy. Presently, in the running of industries, automobiles, and other heavy machineries, a large amount of heat is lost irreversibly. If this heat can be trapped and converted into useful energy, it could well be a solution, at least partly, to the current energy crisis faced worldwide. The thermoelectric efficiency of any material used in devices can be expressed in terms of its thermoelectric figure of merit (Z). ZT=(S2σ/k)T
Photostrictive Actuators Based on Piezoelectrics
Published in George K. Knopf, Kenji Uchino, Light Driven Micromachines, 2018
Prior studies have shown that the material performance can be improved by altering the ceramic composition and mechanical structure including material thickness and surface characteristics. However before exploring the impact of material enhancements, such as doping, it is worthwhile to look at the figures of merit that impact performance. Note that a figure of merit is a numerical expression or quantity used to characterize the performance of a device, system, or methodology relative to its alternative designs or solutions.
Nonthermal Plasma Synthesis of Semiconductor Nanocrystals
Published in R. Mohan Sankaran, Plasma Processing of Nanomaterials, 2017
Uwe Kortshagen, Lorenzo Mangolini
Nanostructured materials are also intensively investigated for thermoelectric devices. Thermoelectric devices convert thermal energy into electrical energy and are expected to help recover a part of the waste heat discharged from all thermal cycles. The effectiveness of thermoelectric materials is proportional to a dimensionless figure of merit ZT=S2σTk,
Novel Deep Space Nuclear Electric Propulsion Spacecraft
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2021
Troy Howe, Steve Howe, Jack Miller
The figure of merit, which directly influences the efficiency, is dependent on the thermoelectric material properties. Metals, with high electrical and thermal conductivities, typically have low Seebeck coefficients resulting in poor figures of merit.5 Insulators on the other hand have high Seebeck coefficients, albeit with low electrical conductivities reducing their utility in TEGs (Ref. 5). Semiconductors have long been used in TEGs because of their unique combination of electrical and thermal conductivity as well as Seebeck coefficient.5 Manipulating these material properties is key to change the figure of merit, and based on Eqs. (1) and (2), one can see that decreases in electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity as well as increases in the Seebeck coefficient will favorably alter the figure of merit to produce higher efficiencies. Increasing the temperature will increase the efficiency as well but will mostly be hindered by the geometry and material limits of the power conversion systems; changing the figure of merit via material properties is a far more practical method to increase TEG efficiencies.
Effect of Pr-filling in binary skutterudites CoX3 (P, As and Sb) on structural, electronic, elastic and transport properties
Published in Philosophical Magazine, 2020
Priya Yadav, Shashank Nautiyal, U. P. Verma
Skutterudites structure thermoelectric materials regained much interest in the past decades [1–4] for immediate temperature power generation owing to their high performance, low cost, and great potential for tailoring the thermal and electrical transport properties through structural engineering. Devices constructed from thermoelectric materials can directly transform temperature differences into electricity or vice versa. A dimensionless quantity known as a figure of merit is used to measure the efficiency of thermoelectric materials. It depends on the Seebeck coefficient (S), the electrical conductivity (σ), temperature (T), and the thermal conductivity (k).