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Broadcasting Techniques for Video on Demand in Wireless Networks
Published in Borko Furht, Syed Ahson, Handbook of Mobile Broadcasting, 2008
where e ≈ 2.72 is Euler’s constant. Therefore, α is close to this constant. The number of channels K is chosen to be K1=⌊Bre⌋(caseα1) or K2=⌊Bre⌋(caseα2).
Spatial Diversity for Wireless Communications
Published in Lal Chand Godara, Handbook of Antennas in Wireless Communications, 2018
where C = 0.577215… is the Euler’s constant. Hence the mean CNR improves logarithmically with the number of branches in the case of selection diversity. Figure 19.4 shows a plot of the cdf, pNsc(γs), of selection diversity with N as a parameter. To interpret the results, let us consider the point 10 log (γs/Γ) = −10 dB on the horizontal axis. For N = 1 there is a 10% probability pNsc=0.1 that the instantaneous output CNR falls 10 dB below the mean branch CNR Γ. For N = 4 with selection combining, the probability is reduced to 0.01%. Thus, combining has significantly reduced the depth of fades. It is also seen that at 99% reliability (i.e., 1−pNsc(γs)=0.99), selection diversity provides a 10 dB (−10 − (−20)) savings in power with two branches and 16-dB savings with four branches.
Modeling and Simulation
Published in B K Bala, Energy Systems Modeling and Policy Analysis, 2022
The LOGN function calculates the natural logarithm of expression. Expression can be variable or constant. Natural logarithms use Euler’s constant e, 2.7182818..., as a base. For LOGN to have meaningful results, expression must be positive. LOGN is the inverse of the EXP function e raised to the power of expression.
On efficient change point detection using a step cumulative sum control chart
Published in Quality Engineering, 2023
Riaz et al. (2021) proposed the use of a new chart for monitoring the process mean, named double progressive mean (DPM) control chart. The plotting statistics of DPM chart is designed in such a way that a PM statistic is embedded inside the PM statistic. The plotting statistic and control limits of DPM control chart are given as: where is the Euler’s constant.
On the robustness to corrosion in the life cycle assessment of an existing reinforced concrete bridge
Published in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2018
Eduardo S. Cavaco, Luis A. C. Neves, Joan R. Casas
where is the Euler constant equal to 0.5772157. In this case, the Gumbel distribution is considered to describe the maximum distribution of the traffic loads scale factor, . Thus, from the cumulative Gumbel distribution it is possible to obtain the respective mean value: