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Vector Calculus
Published in Ahmad Shahid Khan, Saurabh Kumar Mukerji, Electromagnetic Fields, 2020
Ahmad Shahid Khan, Saurabh Kumar Mukerji
It needs to be noted that this emergence and sinking of E lines is a three-dimensional phenomenon whereas E lines shown in the figure represent a two-dimensional view only. The equipotential lines shown in Figure 4.2 are in fact surfaces which may be referred to as equipotential surfaces (see Chapter 7). The equipotential surfaces can be defined as surfaces on which each point has the same electrostatic potential. For a three-dimensional view the figure is to be rotated about an axis passing through the points A and B. The two sets of orthogonal surfaces of revolution can be identified as a family of equipotential surfaces and a family of E lines. The former is a set of open surfaces, each with infinite area, and the latter is a set of closed surfaces, each with finite area. Thus Figure 4.2 can be treated as the cross-sectional view cut across a plane passing through the axis of revolution. The component of the electric field parallel to any of these equipotential surfaces must be zero since the change in the potential between all points on this surface is zero. This implies that the direction of the electric field is perpendicular to the equipotential surfaces.
Cables, conductors and conduits
Published in Ray Tricker, Wiring Regulations in Brief, 2020
Equipotential bonding is basically an electrical connection maintaining various exposed-conductive-parts and extraneous-conductive-parts at substantially the same potential, and is very important for ensuring that: all socket outlets are provided with a protective conductor contact (that is connected to the equipotential bonding conductor;all flexible equipment cables (other than Class II equipment) shall have a protective conductor for use as an equipotential bonding conductor.
Electrical safety
Published in Phil Hughes, Ed Ferrett, Introduction to Health and Safety in Construction, 2015
Where other potential metallic conductors exist near to electrical conductors in a building, they must be connected to the main earth terminal to ensure equipotential bonding of all conductors to earth. This applies to gas, water and central heating pipes and other devices such as lightning protection systems. Supplementary bonding is required in bathrooms and kitchens where, for example, metal sinks and other metallic equipment surfaces are present. This involves the connection of a conductor from the sink to a water supply pipe which has been earthed by equipotential bonding. There have been several fatalities due to electric shocks from 'live' service pipes or kitchen sinks.
Analysis on the Grounding Architecture of a Technology Demonstrator Vehicle
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2020
P. Aziya Nizin, Antony P.P., R. G. Harikumar Warrier, Shooja A.
Grounding is the process of establishing an equipotential point that serves as a reference potential for a circuit or a system. Implementation of proper electrical grounding architecture is a system design aspect. The objectives of grounding is to establish signal return paths between a source and a load, minimize Electro Magnetic Interference, restrict electrostatic charge development, provide fault protection and prevent failure propagation [1]. Proper Interfacing between avionics systems is an essential criterion for achieving accuracy in measurements. It is necessary to reduce ground coupling between systems to prevent ground loop currents from interfering with the functionality of Navigation, Guidance & Control (NGC) system and to ensure safety in pyro systems [2,3].