China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Engineering Models
Published in Keith Attenborough, Timothy Van Renterghem, Predicting Outdoor Sound, 2021
Keith Attenborough, Timothy Van Renterghem
Equiangular discretization of a line source is advised in the HARMONOISE reference model. However, incoherent line source discretization can be further optimized by combining both linear and angular segmentation [30]. If receivers are positioned close to the line source or on the line source itself (which will occur in a noise map), optimized sampling strategies might be used. At longer distances from the line source, such choices are less important. Overall, an angular discretization of 5 to maximum 20 degrees is advised. If a finer angular step is used, the variation in the attenuation of the sound along the line source is predicted more accurately but at increased computational cost.
Design and Mechanics of Mountaineering Equipment
Published in Franz Konstantin Fuss, Aleksandar Subic, Martin Strangwood, Rabindra Mehta, Routledge Handbook of Sports Technology and Engineering, 2013
Franz Konstantin Fuss, Günther Niegl
In contrast to chocks, frictional anchors (Figure 17.4), better known as cams, spring-loaded camming devices, friends, sliders, the Camalot™ (Black Diamond Equipment, Reinarch, Switzerland), and so on, adapt to a larger range of crack widths. They are characterised by a unique design based on an equiangular logarithmic spiral profile (Figure 17.5) which maintains a constant pressure angle. The logarithmic cam profile is well known from cam and follower mechanisms and allows designing the smallest possible cam for a given pressure angle, which remains constant at its maximum when the follower is moving (De Ronde Furman 1916). The development of constant angle cams for climbing purposes is attributed to Vitali Abalakov (Bertulis 1976a, 1976b; Dill 1978), which were known as cam nuts or Abalakov cams (Figure 17.4b), essentially nothing but advanced wedge-shaped chocks with a logarithmic profile.
Describing the geometric difference of architectural forms in three primary shapes of circle, triangle and square
Published in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2022
An equilateral triangle is a three-sided plane with all sides equal and equiangular. A building facade in a triangular shape with the vertex pointing upwards converges the most at the apex, facilitating stability and reliability in building design. Heavy base and the pinnacle on the top in many A-framed residential homes enable handling weight because of how the energy is distributed throughout the triangle; the symmetry in the equilateral triangle and the isosceles triangle aids in distributing weight. Trusses exist as bearing structures because of the inherent triangles provided by struts and other bracing elements (Lenartowicz 2014). The Pyramid in Giza, composed of four equilateral triangular faces, has stood for over 4,000 years. The equilateral triangle encloses the smallest area in the most extended perimeter and is a basic unit representing the three-dimensional surface. On the other hand, it can be seen that the triangular-shaped floor plan is unpractical from a functional point of view, as walls converging at an acute angle of 60° contain narrow leftover margins.