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Ultrasonics
Published in Dale Ensminger, Leonard J. Bond, Ultrasonics, 2011
Dale Ensminger, Leonard J. Bond
The division of ultrasonics into categories can be achieved in several ways: one that considers applications in terms of low intensity and high intensity is natural, and it is this which is used in this book. Low-intensity applications are those wherein the primary purpose is transmitting energy through a medium. The objective may be to learn something about the medium or to pass information through the media, but this is to be achieved without causing a change in the state of the medium in which there is propagation. Typical low-intensity applications include nondestructive characterization of materials, electronic devices using surface waves, sensing in industrial processes, measurements of fundamental properties of materials, medical diagnosis, and livestock and meat grading. Although many underwater sound generators require significant power, marine applications such as depth sounding, echo-ranging, communications, and both fish and submarine detection are also most appropriately included in this low-intensity category.
Assessment of potentially vulnerable zones using geospatial approach along the coast of Cuddalore district, East coast of India
Published in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2022
K. S. S. Parthasarathy, Subbarayan Saravanan, Paresh Chandra Deka, Abijith Devanantham
Bathymetry involves the measurement of lake or ocean depth through depth sounding to study the underwater depth of lake or ocean floors. Early techniques used pre-measured heavy rope or cable lowered over a ship’s side. In this study, the bathymetry data were generated from the ETOPO-1 data. It is a 1 arc-minute global relief model that is available free of cost (Amante and Eakins 2009). The bathymetry values usually are in negative trends, since it is below the mean sea level. Higher values of bathymetry reduce the risk of vulnerability. It is because the magnitude is greatly reduced when the waves approach the coast. In a shallow, bathymetry values tend near to the mean sea level, then the magnitude of the wave will also be high, leading to greater risk.