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Project management
Published in Andrew Greasley, Absolute Essentials of Operations Management, 2019
Throughout the project, it is necessary to manage the three performance objectives of project management: time, cost and quality. The job of project managers is difficult since they are under pressure to meet quality performance measures under the constraints of a fixed timescale and fixed budget. They often need to make a compromise between project outcomes and the time and resources available. For example, if a customer wants a particular new product feature, then the cost and duration will need to increase; otherwise, other features will need to be omitted. Because of the unique nature of projects and the potentially high number of interrelated tasks involved, an effective way is needed to communicate project plans and progress across the project team. There are three main ways of structuring the organization of a project: project structure, functional structure and matrix structure. The reasons for choosing a particular structure are now discussed.
Innovation in strategic capabilities of municipal clients
Published in Malena Ingemansson Havenvid, Åse Linné, Lena E. Bygballe, Chris Harty, The Connectivity of Innovation in the Construction Industry, 2019
According to these authors, there has been a development that in general has made it so that the public clients in construction projects settle with being able to define functional specifications and are thus generally going for procurement using a design-and-build contracting approach. In the Swedish context, this development has been seen as a general problem, reducing the strategic capability of public clients and normally making the procurement process less innovative and long term oriented (SOU, 2013). Similar tendencies can also be seen internationally as expressed by the EU directives from 2014 and by studying large-scale infrastructure projects in a European context (Winch and Leiringer, 2016; Arrowsmith, 2012). The declining capability is seen to create risks and affect more aspects of construction processes so that unacceptable cost levels become accepted and the long-term performance of the buildings is compromised.
Introduction to Design of Composite Structures
Published in Robert M. Jones, Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2018
The term trade-off arises frequently in discussions of the design process. When conflicting objectives are encountered, some compromise must be achieved between the conflicts. To trade-off means to exchange (or trade) one achievement for another. For example, aircraft weight increases can be accommodated by shortening the range, decreasing the payload, increasing the fuel consumption, or some combination of all three possibilities. The appropriate trade-off of these consequences can be arrived at only by examining the requirements for successful operation of the aircraft and deciding what combination of factors is the most meaningful. Trade-offs are confined to the nonunique design process because of the existence of many possible solutions to the design problem. Trade-offs do not exist in analysis because there we deal with an already-defined configuration, so no changes are even possible.
Impact of financial risk on supply chains: a manufacturer-supplier relational perspective
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2021
Abhijeet Ghadge, Sarat Kumar Jena, Sachin Kamble, Dheeraj Misra, Manoj Kumar Tiwari
The VIKOR method was first introduced by Opricovic (1998) to solve Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problems and is known to provide a compromised rather than optimal solution. VIKOR aims to rank a set of alternatives based on a ranking index, that depends on the closeness of the alternative to the ideal solution (Sayadi, Heydari, and Shahanaghi 2009). Several researchers have used the VIKOR or extended VIKOR method to rank alternatives and find a compromised solution for MCDM problems (e.g. Opricovic and Tzeng 2007; Tiwari, Kumar, and Tandon 2016; Wu et al. 2016; Sharma et al. 2017). The compromise solution is a feasible solution, which is the closest to optimal for a problem with conflicting criteria. MCDM consists of several other methods such as AHP, ANP, TOPSIS and DEMATEL. The VIKOR method was developed for multi-criteria optimisation in complex systems and performs better over TOPSIS and other MCDM methods due to its ability to find alternatives under conflicting and varying units’ criteria (Opricovic and Tzeng 2004).
A numerical parametric study of mechanical behavior of dry contacts slipping on the disc-pads interface
Published in International Journal of Computers and Applications, 2018
Ali Belhocine, Wan Zaidi Wan Omar
With the development of new technologies in the automotive industry, vehicles have become more and more efficient. Braking systems should follow the same rhythm. The brake, as a major security organ, constantly arouses great interest to engineers. In addition, competition in the automotive field is increasingly harsh, putting pressure on efficiency, reliability, comfort, cost, and production time of all automotive systems. For an engineer, the goal is to find the best compromise between the requirements of security, technology and economic constraints. To achieve an optimal design, it should implement all available economic technologies to solve the technical problems, thus complementing experimental studies. In the aerospace and automotive industry, many parts are subjected to simultaneous thermal and mechanical loads, constant of fluctuating the thermo-mechanical stresses cause deformations and may even damage the systems. For example, in friction braking systems, heat is generated in the disk and brake pads, causing high stresses, deformations and vibrations as cited in [1].
Performance measurement of cross-culture supply chain partnership: a case study in the Chinese automotive industry
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2018
Weixi Han, Yuan Huang, Douglas Macbeth
Compromise was also a new finding in the empirical data, and was first demonstrated in the supplier selection. Compromise involves reaching an agreement between two parties with different requirements. This is discussed in the following statement:In the partnership, the manufacturer’s international party has very strict requirements within its own process; the Chinese party has its own process. Therefore, the two parties may need to compromise over when to measure the relationship and select the supplier. Different types of suppliers could be considered (Interviewee EA-2, 2014).