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Order and Logic
Published in Pascal Hitzler, Anthony Seda, Mathematical Aspects of Logic Programming Semantics, 2016
Two elements x and y of a partially ordered set D are said to be comparable if either x ⊑ y or y ⊑ x holds; otherwise, x and y are called incomparable. A non-empty subset A ⊆ D is said to be totally ordered by ⊑ or is called a chain if any two elements of A are comparable with respect to ⊑, that is, given a, b ∈ A, we have a ⊑ b or b ⊑ a. A partial order ⊑ on D is called a total order if D itself is totally ordered by ⊑. We call A an ω-chain if A is an increasing sequence a0 ⊑ a1 ⊑ a2 ..., where ω denotes the first limit ordinal. (We refer the reader to the Appendix for a brief discussion of the theory of ordinals.) We note that any ω-chain is, of course, a chain.
Eiffel: A Language for Object-Oriented Software Engineering
Published in Paul W. Ross, The Handbook of Software for Engineers and Scientists, 2018
Remember class COMPARABLE? This class from the Eiffel kernel library is deferred since the “<” feature is deferred. This means that you are not actually allowed to create an object of type COMPARABLE. Every creatable descendent of comparable must supply a definition for the “<” feature. Of course, this is precisely the semantics we need for the constrained parameter of SORTED LIST.
Profinet
Published in Richard Zurawski, Industrial Communication Technology Handbook, 2017
I/O-Controller: This is typically the programmable logic controller (PLC) on which the automation program runs. This is comparable to a class 1 master in PROFIBUS. The I/O-Controller provides output data to the configured I/O-Devices in its role as provider and is the consumer of input data of I/O-Devices.
Impact of the Oil Temperature on the Frictional Behavior of Laser-Structured Surfaces
Published in Tribology Transactions, 2019
Andreas Janssen, Mohammad Dadgar, Wolfgang Wietheger
The surface material properties in class IV to class VI tribometer tests are supposed to be comparable to those of the underlying application and the relevant components. Aluminum materials provide a high potential of lightweight construction appropriate for utilization in modern engines. Additionally, other factors such as load, manufacturing process, and production costs influence the selection process of suitable material for the cylinder liner (Noack (14)). Therefore, and due to the fact that for common cast iron materials LST has been commercially employed, in this study an aluminum–silicon alloy called AlSi9Cu3 was utilized. Corresponding to the cylinder running surface, the surface of the disc is manufactured by (flat) honing. The pin material was selected to be stainless steel (EN 1.4125) with a diameter of 4 mm. The surface was harder than that of the aluminum discs to prevent any signs of wear and to simulate the piston–ring material. The pin surfaces were ground to Sa = 1.02 µm, Sz = 7.7 µm. The initial hardness of the pin material at the contact surface was 58 HRC.
Site Classification System and Site Coefficients for Shallow Bedrock Sites in Korea
Published in Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2018
Satish Manandhar, Hyung-Ik Cho, Dong-Soo Kim
The sites classified under SC, SD, and SE site classes according to the current seismic code are distributed based on the criteria for the new site classes, as shown in Fig. 7. This site distribution is helpful in understanding the relationship between the new site classes and those specified in the current seismic code. It can be inferred that the H1-1 site class is similar to the SC site, while the H2-1 site class is comparable with the SD site. On the other hand, the H1-2 site class contains a mixture of SC and SD sites, whereas the H2-2 site class resembles the SE site. Based on this information, the seismic responses of the new site classes can be compared with those of the current seismic code.
Comparing estimates of fugitive landfill methane emissions using inverse plume modeling obtained with Surface Emission Monitoring (SEM), Drone Emission Monitoring (DEM), and Downwind Plume Emission Monitoring (DWPEM)
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2020
Nizar Bel Hadj Ali, Tarek Abichou, Roger Green
The results of the parametric study used to test the sensitivity of the methane emission estimation to some input parameters are displayed in Table 4. For the stability class, methane emission results show that if a stability class “C” is considered, emission estimate is comparable with the reference value (obtained with a stability class “B”). However bigger discrepancies are noticed with stability class “A” and “D”. The deviation from the reference value ranges between 5% and 40%.