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Published in Kenneth K. Humphreys, What Every Engineer Should Know About Ethics, 1999
Testing and evaluation during the design and prototype stages should consider all modes of failure and whether a failure results in a hazard. Obviously, some “failures” have few, if any, adverse consequences. There are many types of failures: overload failures, fatigue failures, environmentally assisted fractures, corrosion or erosion failures, failures associated with high temperatures or irradiation, etc. Consideration of every reasonably foreseeable failure mode is necessary in the design of a reasonably safe product or structure. Such failures include, but are not limited to, broken components that become dangerous projectiles, malfunctions that allow a machine to behave in an unpredictable manner, and minor component failures that precipitate chain-reaction events.
ATC, Automation and Human Factors: Research Challenges
Published in Hans M. Soekkha, Aviation Safety, 2020
Alyson Evans, Laura Donohoe, Andy Kilner, Tab Lamoureux, Toby Atkinson, Heather Mackendrjck, Barry Kirwan
Raising the air traffic controllers awareness of the common causes of errors and the component parts of their behaviour, that together can link up to cause chain reaction events that can lead to error, can increase the likelihood of being able to prevent the circumstances that allow such errors to occur. The areas covered in TRM training allow individuals to appreciate how they have an impact on the overall team effectiveness. This awareness, together with the methods and skills practised within the training program enables each individual to work effectively as a part of the team, rather than in isolation. This can have the added benefits of improving workload distribution, task efficiency and job satisfaction.
A systematic review of contemporary safety management research: a multi-level approach to identifying trending domains in the construction industry
Published in Construction Management and Economics, 2023
Mohammad Tanvi Newaz, Mahmoud Ershadi, Marcus Jefferies, Manikam Pillay, Peter Davis
Two process-driven and people-driven perspectives characterize new research on safety management concepts. From a process-driven perspective, processes need to be further examined in detail to identify accident causation and the primary factors that lead to safety incidents. This perspective emphasizes the mechanism that causes accidents on various occasions. A chain of events that create accidents is investigated to find why accidents happen and how to prevent them in practice. In the people-driven perspective, attitude, behaviour and interactions of people are studied to explore underlying aspects of safety management. The inherent perception of individuals affects their safety behaviour and communications that contribute to shaping safety climate and culture in an organization. The network of dynamic relationships between safety agents and staff determines the quality of safety outcomes. This study argues that new safety management research calls for the coherency of these two perspectives and simultaneous consideration of their associated factors in a single framework. In this regard, the application of systems theory would be beneficial to capture the dynamic behaviour of effective factors in construction organizations.