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Human Factors and Ergonomics in Energy Industries
Published in Shatha N. Samman, Human Factors and Ergonomics for the Gulf Cooperation Council, 2018
Alexandra Fernandes, Kine Reegård
Automation has been one of the central topics in HFE for many years (e.g., Parasuraman & Riley, 1997) and is becoming more relevant as automation evolves and generalizes. Automation topics are relevant both in large-scale projects such as the design of control centers, subsea exploration in the petroleum industry, or the operation of unmanned platforms both in petroleum and in renewable energy industries; but also to understand the implications of introducing smaller autonomous systems into currently existing interfaces. For example, being able to activate an automatic sequence for maintenance work at a power plant. Another rising area for the energy industry is the introduction of robots into the workflows, bringing human-robot collaboration aspects into consideration. Robots have been used in clean-up operations after accidents (Moore, 1985; Kawatsuma, Mimura, & Asama, 2017), but other examples include the use of robots for monitoring and maintenance in high-radiation areas, preventing radiation dosage to the workers (Dolan, 2013). Also, the use of autonomous underwater vehicles in the offshore petroleum industry is rising (e.g., Niu, Lee, Husain, & Bose, 2009) allowing monitoring of environmental conditions and status of underwater components. Likewise, the use of unmanned aerial vehicle systems has been explored, being considered promising in areas such as pipeline inspection (Sadovnychiy, 2004) or safety and security management (Cho, Lim, Biobaku, Kim, & Parsaei, 2015).
Simulation for Operator Training in Production Machinery
Published in Katalin Popovici, Pieter J. Mosterman, Real-Time Simulation Technologies, 2017
During the automated production, the roll exchange also runs autonomously, and the operator supervises the procedure. In the case of a failure in the system, the roll exchange must be done by the operator, thought not manually, on a low level of automation. Several hundred drives must be coordinated in about one hundred steps. After a repair, the machine must be brought into a condition where the automatic sequence may continue. Figure 18.4 shows the configuration of the actual system and the data flows among the components. The operator works with his HMI and a replica of the control system. Several hundred inputs and outputs must be communicated in real time between the control system and the simulator. To avoid the cost of copper wires, serial communication over an industrial fieldbus was the choice.
Shield support – general
Published in Syd S. Peng, Longwall Mining, 2019
SCU can control and display all functions of a shield and is simultaneously the interface between operator and machine. SCU can control all individual shield functions. As an interactive system, it allows the user to execute single shield functions as well as automatic sequence functions. SCU is mostly used for controlling the hydraulic functions of the shields by the operation of electrohydraulic solenoids. Since these units are in a network, it allows the operator to control a shield while standing on another shield, keeping him/her safe from falling debris and moving equipment. The operator is never allowed to stand on the shield he/she is controlling and move it with SCU.
An Augmented Reality Platform with Hand Gestures-Based Navigation for Applications in Image-Guided Surgery: Prospective Concept Evaluation by Surgeons
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2022
Lucio Tommaso De Paolis, Sergio Teodoro Vite, Miguel Ángel Padilla Castañeda, César Fabian Domínguez Velasco, Salvatore Muscatello, Aldo Francisco Hernández Valencia
The generation of the 3D models was performed in two steps: the segmentation of the CTA datasets, followed by the reconstruction over the resulting contours of the anatomical structures of interest. For the segmentation, two independent pipelines of well-known image processing techniques were designed using the 3D Slicer software (Fedorov et al., 2012), each one specific for the neurovascular or cardiovascular scenarios. In general, both pipelines implemented a semi-automatic sequence of steps based on the Otsu-thresholding algorithm. Maximum and minimum tolerance values were selected to isolate the anatomical structure of interest from the background and adjacent structures, followed by binary morphological operations of erosion and dilation for artifact filtering, the elimination of islands, and smoothing of the final segmented contours. Next, a marching cubes algorithm was applied for the reconstruction of the surface of the segmented anatomical structures. The resulting surfaces were post-processed using the MeshLab (Cignoni et al., 2008) software, to apply an algorithm for quadric-edge-collapse decimation for mesh simplification iteratively. Finally, the models were refined and placed in their final position in the scene using the Blender (Hess, 2010) software, where the experimental setup was built and later exported to the Unity3D engine (Unity Technologies, 2020), a popular graphics engine for the development of 3D applications and videogames.
Interactive AR-assisted product disassembly sequence planning (ARDIS)
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2020
M. M. L. Chang, A. Y. C. Nee, S. K. Ong
Preliminary research on AR-assisted disassembly sequence planning based on sequence tables, genetic algorithm, etc., have been investigated in recent years (Chang, Ong, and Nee 2017; Osti et al. 2017). These applications can provide intuitive disassembly guidance to users. A disassembly operation support system that monitors the motion of an operator using 3D position sensors for the disassembly of photocopy machines has been reported (Takata, Isobe, and Fujii 2001). An AR-based educational system for intelligent assembly training that guides users to assemble a computer motherboard using text and 3D virtual models was reported (Westerfield, Mitrovic, and Billinghurst 2015). In this system, the virtual models and assembly instructions were modelled and defined individually, which is non-ideal for complex products. The authoring of AR contents in these AR-assisted assemblies or disassembly systems is time-consuming as system developers have to prepare the AR contents, such as 3D models, texts, animations, etc., and define the display formats and sequences of these AR contents for each user-triggered event. Thus, researchers have proposed methods, such as defining a set of templates for non-programmers to create AR contents easily via click-and-drag or generating the AR contents from existing manuals via image recognition (Mohr et al. 2015). These applications can provide intuitive disassembly guidance to the users but most of them are non-interactive. Makris et al. (2013) presented an AR assembly support system with automatic sequence generation using the branch and bound search method. The sequence is generated solely based on the part interference to ensure feasibility. Based on the literature, the ARDIS system presented in this paper is compared with other existing systems to highlight its contributions as summarised in Table 1.
IEC 60909 and ANSI standards comparison with ASCC based fault calculations of Iraqi power system
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2019
Yasar N. Lafta, Nadheer A. Shalash, Yaser N. Abd, Ali A. Al- Lami
This paper is structured as follows; Section 2 describes in general fault analysis in power systems. Section 3 demonstrates IEC 60909 standard, while ANSI standard is demonstrated in Section 4. Automatic sequence calculation—ASCC—is described in Section 5. Section 6 is comparing ASCC with standards in PSS/E application. The case study is in Section 7, and the obtained results in Section 8 which is concluded in Section 9.