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Political Risk
Published in Robert McKellar, A Short Guide to Political Risk, 2017
A further shift in the geo-political landscape has been the accelerated development of global asymmetric warfare capabilities. Asymmetric warfare means that opponents of established political systems have an unusually high capability to cause injury to states (including citizens). It effectively means more ‘bang for the buck’. For example, if a Western power had wanted to destroy a major economic centre in another country, the operation would have involved hundreds of planners, analysts and technicians, and the utilisation of expensive aircraft and munitions, probably to the tune of tens of millions of dollars if not more. Al Qaeda operatives achieved the same result in the 9/11 attacks on a budget of around a million dollars. This phenomenon is as old as war itself, but it is now more dangerous and more global in scope.
Augmented Reality of 3D Content Application in Common Operational Picture Training System for Army
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2021
In modern battle management systems, it is mainly through COP that an accurate Situation Awareness (SA) can be maintained. The problem is that there is still a lot of SA-related information existing in the computer system. What needs to be discussed is how to transfer SA information provided by the information warfare center with smartphones and wearable devices. More and more combat will be carried out in dense urban environments because asymmetric warfare is becoming more and more common in recent conflicts in the world. Through the 3D visualization of urban structures, it can contribute to the joint operation of air and ground forces and further reduce the cognitive load of individual soldiers, pilots or commanders in the processes of commanding troops or reporting to the chain of command. Augmented reality (AR) can provide military messages in natural situations, which can enhance the perception of people without interfering with their environmental observations (M. A. Livingston et al., 2011).