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Modeling of Thermal Systems
Published in Yogesh Jaluria, Design and Optimization of Thermal Systems, 2019
Analog models are based on the analogy or similarity between different physical phenomena and allow one to use the solution and results from a familiar solved problem to obtain the corresponding results for a different unsolved problem. The use of analog models is quite common in heat transfer and fluid mechanics (Pritchard and Mitchell, 2015; Incropera and Dewitt, 2001). An example of an analog model is provided by conduction heat transfer through a multilayered wall, which may be analyzed in terms of an analogous electric circuit with the thermal resistance represented by the electrical resistance and the heat flux represented by the electric current, as shown in Figure 3.3(a). The temperature across the region is the potential represented by the electric voltage. Then, Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's laws for electrical circuits may be employed to compute the total thermal resistance and the heat flux for a given temperature difference, as discussed in most heat transfer textbooks.
People Prep
Published in Jessica Keyes, Enterprise 2.0, 2016
An analogy is a statement about how objects, people, situations, or actions are similar in process or relationship. An online workshop facilitator can come up with one or a series of that can be used to create fictional situations for gaining new perspectives on problem definition and resolution. In the blue slip technique, online polls can be used to generate ideas for a specific chosen problem. This is usually done anonymously to make people feel more at ease so that they readily share ideas.
Design principles
Published in Konrad Baumann, Bruce Thomas, User Interface Design for Electronic Appliances, 2001
Adrian Martel, Irene Mavrommati
An analogy is when two compared things are similar in one key sense that aids understanding, even though they may be dissimilar in many others. A folder icon on a computer screen, for example, is a visual analogy of a cardboard folder and its similar appearance deliberately reflects that it shares the attribute of collecting together a number of documents even though a real folder contains papers and a virtual one contains electronic files (Figure 5.5). Whenever something is described as being 'like’something then an analogy is being made.
Investigating secondary mathematics teachers’ analogies to function
Published in International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 2022
How could students’ understanding of functions be improved? As students’ performance in functions is influenced by several factors including textbooks and curriculum (e.g. Ayalon et al., 2017; Son & Hu, 2015), the understanding of function cannot be only or directly linked to the quality of the teachers’ knowledge of the relevant subject. Nevertheless, the mathematics education community generally emphasizes that teachers’ knowledge, especially their Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching (MKT) (Ball et al., 2008), plays a key role in students’ learning of this content (Hatisaru & Erbas, 2017; Stein et al., 1990). The analysis of teachers’ understanding of and approaches to function could provide insights into influences on students’ learning of function. As part of a larger qualitative exploratory study investigating secondary mathematics teachers’ MKT about the concept of function, with a focus on the Common Content Knowledge (CCK) and Specialized Content Knowledge (SCK) domains of MKT (Hatisaru, 2020), this paper explores the analogies used by teachers when they discuss functions, and examines ways in which teachers’ analogies are structurally mapped to function. Analogy is defined as the similarity between different objects (e.g. the concept of function and a function machine), both of which hold the same system of relations (Gentner & Maravilla, 2018). The paper is an extension of work originally presented in a British Society for Research into Learning Mathematics (BSRLM) conference in November 2021, and an early version of it was published in the conference proceeding (Hatisaru, 2021).
A solution in search of problems: a cognitive tool for solution mapping to promote divergent thinking
Published in Journal of Engineering Design, 2021
Jin Woo Lee, Shanna R. Daly, Aileen Huang-Saad, Gabriella Rodriguez, Quinton DeVries, Colleen M. Seifert
Other design tools have been developed through empirical studies of designers’ work processes. Synectics, a problem-solving methodology, was derived from audio and video recording meetings dealing with obstacles and arriving at creative solutions (Gordon 1961). Synectics emphasises problem-solving using analogies to generate solutions, as does design-by-analogy (Linsey 2007; Tomko et al. 2015). Design-by-analogy was developed to guide designers in linguistically representing the design problem that can support divergent thinking by creating novel analogies and analogous domains (Linsey 2007; Linsey et al. 2008; Fu et al. 2015; Linsey et al. 2012). However, design-by-analogy has been developed and tested to promote generating novel solutions for a problem, not for using a solution to generate possible problem applications.
The analogies between human development and additive manufacture: Expanding the definition of design
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2019
L. E. J. Thomas-Seale, J. C. Kirkman-Brown, S. Kanagalingam, M. M. Attallah, D. M. Espino, D. E. T. Shepherd
Boden (1994) pronounces “How is analogical thinking possible? An analogy links two previously unrelated concepts” in her text “What is Creativity?, The Dimensions of Creativity” (Boden, 1994). Knowledge is often embedded in context, and failure to problem solve has been shown to often lie, not in the absence of knowledge but the inability to recognize transferable knowledge (Hargadon, 2002; Thompson, Gentner, & Loewenstein, 2000). The application of analogies have been an accepted tool for decades; however, they are predominately applied in an impromptu manner and recognised retrospectively (also described as top-down application). An analogy may be defined as drawing references or comparisons between two different things, often these things are inherently different but a certain aspect of them, reflects each other. Thus, the use of analogies forces the innovator outside of the constraining boundaries of psychological inertia.