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Thermal Systems
Published in Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Industrial Process Control Systems, 2021
Dale R. Patric, Stephen W. Fardo
Thermistors are solid-state elements that have a negative temperature coefficient. An increase in thermistor temperature causes a decrease in thermistor resistance. Bridge circuits are normally used to produce readout signals.
Common features of vehicle systems
Published in Allan W. M. Bonnick, Vehide Electronic Systems and Fault Diagnosis, 2014
A commonly used device for sensing temperature is the thermistor. A thermistor utilises the concept of negative temperature coefficient. Most electrical conductors have a positive temperature coefficient. This means that the hotter the conductor gets the higher is its electrical resistance. This thermistor operates differently; its resistance gets lower as its temperature increases. There is a well-defined relationship between temperature and resistance. This means that current flow through the thermistor can be used to give an accurate representation of temperature.
Sensors
Published in Allan W. M. Bonnick, Automotive Computer Controlled Systems, 2007
A commonly used device used for sensing temperature is the thermistor. A thermistor utilizes the concept of negative temperature coefficient. Most electrical conductors have a positive temperature coefficient. This means that the hotter the conductor gets the higher is its electrical resistance. This thermistor operates differently; its resistance gets lower as its temperature increases and this is a characteristic of semiconductor materials. There is a well-defined relationship between temperature and resistance. This means that current flow through the thermistor can be used to give an accurate representation of temperature. A typical coolant temperature sensor is shown in Fig. 5.17.
Review on advancement in solar and waste heat based thermoelectric generator
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Sanjeev Kumar Bhukesh, Suresh Kumar Gawre, Anil Kumar
The performance of TEGs based on environmental impact, using different methodologies, that is, theoretically and experimentally, is investigated by a group of researchers and authors and has been reviewed here. In wet flue-gas TEG’s analysis, it is found that as compared to the dry flue gas, the maximum output of wet flue gas is 5.8 times more, with the humidity of 30%, at the same gas temperature of 150°C and mass flow rate of flue gas. Thus required fuel gas reduces (Banakar et al. 2017). For CO2 life cycle scenario, TEG is integrated with an exhaust pipe. It was found that for the average driving pattern, it is essential to decrease the LCCO2 (Life cycle CO2 emissions) to zero, for this the thermoelectric figure of merit is enhanced by the factor of 1.9. The current price of TEGs must be reduced by 10–40% to make TEGs profitable with respect to their life cycle (Kraemer et al. 2012). In Passenger automobile’s exhaust, bismuth telluride-based TEG is integrated. 0.07∼0.30% CO2 emission of the city was reduced (Kim et al. 2016). In Hybrid Commercial Vehicles, the hike in the efficiency of the fuel was observed by upto 20%. It is the outcome of converting waste heat to electricity by 10% (Date et al. 2014). In Heavy duty vehicles, waste heat recovery leads to 20% increase in fuel efficiency (Orr et al. 2016). Remote power, aerospace, communication, military, biomedical, healthcare, etc., are the various application areas of TEGs operating at different temperature ranges. Negative temperature gradient makes possible microprocessor’s thermoelectric cooling (Hamid Elsheikh et al. 2014).