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Design, development, and testing of water-based co-axial blumlein pulse generator
Published in B. Raneesh, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Jemy James, Anju K. Nair, Plasma and Fusion Science, 2018
Sanjay singh, S. P. Nayak, ashutosh jaiswar, T. C. Kaushik, satish C. Gupta
High voltages are commonly generated by Marx generator in which number of capacitors are charged in parallel and then discharged in series. The voltage thus generated has relatively long rise time and pulse duration. So, output voltage generated by the Marx generator may have to be conditioned for applications requiring pulse with rise time of tens of ns. Inductive energy storage system offers a compact alternate method to generate desired voltage pulses. However, inductive storage systems need opening switches to generate voltage pulses. Opening switch technology is not well developed yet and thus designing it is relatively difficult. Whereas, fast rising ns pulses can be generated by transmission line based systems such as co-axial pulse forming line and Blumlein line. Blumlein line is selected for development in this work because output voltage of Blumlein line is equal to the charging voltage of the line whereas co-axial pulse forming line output voltage is half of the line charging voltage [8]. De-mineralized water has high dielectric constant which helps in generating a pulse of given duration with smaller generator length in comparison to other liquid dielectrics as shown in Table 21.1. However, energy stored in de-mineralized water gets discharged on its own within 7.16 ps [3] with water conductivity of 10−6 cm−1Q−1. Hence, care has to be taken while charging the line and it is charged in less than 2 ps. Other arrangements of Blumlein line can be used to generate the output voltage in multiple of line charging voltage.
M
Published in Philip A. Laplante, Comprehensive Dictionary of Electrical Engineering, 2018
Marx generator a high-voltage pulse generator capable of charging capacitors in parallel and discharging them in series. maser acronym for microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. maser amplifier usually refers to a medium that amplifies microwaves by the process of stimulated emission; sometimes refers to amplification of some other field (nonoptical electromagnetic, phonon, exciton, neutrino, etc.) or some other process (nonlinear optics, Brillouin scattering, Raman scattering, etc.). maser oscillator oscillator usually producing a microwave frequency output and usually based on amplification by stimulated emission in a resonant cavity. mask (1) in digital computing, to specify a number of values that allow some entities in a set, and disallow the others in the set, from being active or valid. For example, masking an interrupt. (2) for semiconductor manufacturing, a device used to selectively block photolithographic exposure of sensitized coating used for preventing a subsequent etching process from removing material. A mask is analogous to a negative in conventional photography. (3) a glass or quartz plate containing information (encoded as a variation in transmittance and/or phase) about the features to be printed. Also called a photomask or a reticle. (4) in image processing, a small set of pixels, such as a 3 × 3 square, that is used to transform an image. Conceptually, the mask is centered above every input pixel, each pixel in the mask is multiplied by the corresponding input pixel under it and the output (transformed) pixel is the sum of these products. If the mask is rotated 180 before the arithmetic is performed, the result is a 2-D convolution and the mask represents the impulse response function of a linear, space-invariant
Electron-beam pumping of visible and ultraviolet gas lasers
Published in E R Pike, High-power Gas Lasers, 1975, 2020
The Marx generator consists of a series interconnection of capacitors and switches. An example is given in figure 31, which shows a folded Marx and contains a pair of capacitors per switch. The capacitors are alternately (plus–minus) charged with respect to the central switch. Such a capacitor pair and switch constitute a stage. In this example, the first switch is triggered to erect the Marx. The key to precise erection is the use of interstage coupling, which in the example is provided by the capacitive coupling of the adjacent capacitor containers.
Comparison of Measurement Reliability of Nanosecond Rectangular Voltage Pulses by Kerr Effect and by High-Speed Voltage Probe
Published in Fusion Science and Technology, 2022
Nemanja Aranđelović, Dušan Nikezić, Dragan Brajović, Uzahir Ramadani
The constructive solution of the EBGs used in fusion reactors is shown in Fig. 1 (Refs. 5, 6, and 7). It basically consists of a Marx generator of 20 deg (or more) completely immersed in insulating oil. Each degree of the Marx generator consists of two pulse capacitors and one resistor through which the capacitors are charged and discharged. The capacitors are charged in parallel and discharged in series to obtain a double-exponential pulse. By selecting the values of the capacitance and resistor, the Marx generator is set to give the narrowest (time) double-exponential pulse of maximum amplitude. In other words, the Marx generator is designed to give the shortest rise and fall time of the rectangular voltage pulse (which is adjusted by the capacitance values of the pulse capacitors and by the ohmic values of the resistors).8 The Marx generator is triggered by three-electrode spark gaps with a separate third electrode and with an isolated SF6-H2 gas mixture.9–11