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Fabrication Technologies for Nanoelectromechanical Systems
Published in Mohamed Gad-el-Hak, MEMS, 2005
Gary H. Bernstein, Holly V. Goodson, Gregory L. Snider
The key to atomic holography is to produce a mono-energetic beam of atoms (one wavelength) analogous to the coherent light used in optical holography. This is done by producing a beam of ionized atoms in a dc discharge, extracting the atoms, and then choosing a particular species with a mass selector. The atoms are then passed through a Zeeman Slower and caught in an atom trap, a magneto-optical trap with four laser beams, as shown in Figure 13.8. The cooled atoms are removed from the trap by the transfer laser and fall vertically under the gravitational force. The atoms are passed through the etched membrane hologram, where the beam is diffracted to form a reconstructed image at the substrate. In initial demonstrations, this substrate is a microchannel-plate (MCP) electron multiplier that detects the impact of atoms and produces a corresponding image on a fluorescent screen. This allows an image to be directly viewed and recorded by computer. The spatial resolution of the image is therefore limited by the resolution of the MCP, which is typically a few tens of microns. The actual resolution of the pattern is limited by the wavelength of the atomic beam, which is typically on the nanometer scale, in contrast to optical beams, for which the wavelength is typically more than 200 nm.
The effect of atomic response time in the theory of Doppler cooling of trapped ions
Published in Journal of Modern Optics, 2018
H. Janacek, A. M. Steane, D. M. Lucas, D. N. Stacey
In the case of the magneto-optical trap, confinement and cooling arise together from the interaction between atom and light. Usually, the confinement is not tight enough for the dynamic effect studied in this paper to be important, but in principle the conditions can arise such that it is.