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What is Lighting Design?
Published in Michael Stiller, Quality Lighting for High Performance Buildings, 2020
Lighting design is the specification of a system of luminaires and controls to create illumination appropriate to a given environment. This means that lighting designers choose which lighting fixtures should go where (specification of a system of luminaires), as well as how they are grouped and which should be on at a given time and at what levels of intensity (controls). But how does the designer determine what illumination is “appropriate to a given environment”? Historically, architectural lighting designers, and to a great degree electrical engineers performing in this capacity, have been concerned with providing enough illumination for a specific visual task. Quantity was the key. And the question was, simply: how much light is enough? It’s been a long time since we’ve considered lighting design in such simple terms. As a culture we accept that good lighting is important in many other ways, whether it’s to create a comfortable, productive environment, or to set a mood. Many other factors are central to the design of a quality lighting system: color temperature, accurate color rendering, volumetric quality, and contrast ratios, to name a few. Yet even so, many of those outside of the profession—and some within it—still focus on the quantity rather than the quality of light delivered by a given system. And it’s easy to see why. Lighting is ethereal. It has physical properties but we can’t touch it. It helps us see, but outside the context of the world of objects, which reflect light back to us to create an image of those objects in our minds, light is, by itself, invisible.
Lighting Design
Published in Craig DiLouie, Lighting Redesign for Existing Buildings, 2020
As a new construction or relighting project is an opportunity to design or redesign the lighting system according to modern best practices, it is important to understand lighting design. Lighting design is the process of developing lighting that enables the safe, productive and enjoyable use of buildings and spaces. The complete process includes programming, schematic design, design development, contract documentation, bidding and negotiation, construction and post-occupancy evaluation. Fundamentally, it involves identifying the lighting goals and selecting the right combination of equipment and techniques that will satisfy these goals. This combination can vary from project to project, making lighting design a creative process that is often as much art as science.
Design of The Luminous Environment
Published in Samuel Mills, Fundamentals of ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING, 2018
The fundamental goal of lighting design should be to satisfy our human needs for appropriate, productive, and visually comfortable lighted architectural interior spaces and environments. Extensive research in the field of lighting and architecture by Professor Flynn promoted the idea that lighting design should take a much broader approach and consider the occupant’s perception of the interior environment as a critical part of the design process. He also felt an encompassing terminology should be used to identify, not just the quantity of light, but the quality of light and visual composition. He suggested it be called Spatial Illumination.
Optimization of luminaire layout to achieve a visually comfortable and energy efficient indoor general lighting scheme by Particle Swarm Optimization
Published in LEUKOS, 2021
Purnima Mandal, Debangshu Dey, Biswanath Roy
The essential purpose of indoor lighting is to create a luminous environment, in conjunction with other indoor elements, where the users are capable of continuing human activities efficiently and comfortably for a longer period of time (De Boer and Fischer 1981). In general, the lighting design objectives have to address multiple and diverse issues such as visual performance, visual comfort, safety and health, appearance and color of the indoor environment, energy efficiency, and eco-friendliness. The luminous environment created should meet satisfactory visual conditions, the nature of which depends on the nature of visual tasks, contrast, age of the occupants, etc. (Coaton and Marsden 1997). Compliance with the designated lighting design parameters ensures the quality and quantity of the task-specific luminous environment. International standards and national codes are available to guide lighting designers to select target values of the lighting parameters corresponding to the varieties of visual task under a variety of indoor environments (BIS 2010; CIE 2002; EN 2011). Compliance with the maximum permissible limits of electric power density by the estimated electrical load of a lighting design meets the energy efficiency criterion. The issue of eco-friendliness can be addressed by the use of mercury-free lamps.
Towards a Design Procedure Based on Peoples’ Responses to Indoor Lighting
Published in LEUKOS, 2023
This paper aims to promote a lighting design procedure by which lighting practitioners describe their primary lighting design objectives in terms of intended human responses, and from these, they devise specifications of illumination quantity and distribution to optimally achieve chosen objectives. Minimum levels of how brightly lit various categories of spaces are to appear would become the basis of lighting standards, and working from this basic concept of human response, practitioners would achieve their aspirations by developing combinations of lighting design objectives suited to specific applications. In this way, the aim to stimulate intended human responses would define a consistency of purpose for providing luminous environments. At the starting level, compliance with standards should ensure that all spaces appear adequately lit. As well as principal spaces, this would include ancillary areas such as corridors or storage spaces, and also projects where expectations are low and design is entrusted to people with limited skills. From this point, lighting practitioners would apply their expertise to develop lighting design objectives specifications to match whatever targets for human response they and their clients agree to. Each application of the procedure leads to a specification of a lighting distribution to provide for objectives relating to the purpose of lighting, while objectives relating to consequences of lighting, such as efficient and sustainable use of energy, would be dealt with by the practitioner when devising a lighting solution to provide the specified lighting distribution. A successful outcome may be expected to involve resolving some conflicting objectives, but as is always the case in design, skill is demonstrated by simple solutions.