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Lighting Controls
Published in Michael Stiller, Quality Lighting for High Performance Buildings, 2020
Time-of-day controls, or scheduling, can be a very important, and effective part of an energy-efficient lighting control system. They automatically turn the lights off, or reduce their intensity, to reflect the changing requirements within a space from day to night, or as working hours begin and end. These systems are commonly used to control exterior lighting and shared interior areas of commercial and public buildings where there is no single “owner” of the space (i.e. where there is no one who will reliably be the first in or last out each day and who can be tasked with turning the lights on and off at the appropriate times). Lighting in open offices, public hallways, and other circulation spaces are all prime candidates for these types of controls, as are exterior areas, facades, and landscape lighting. Time-of-day controls will automatically turn the lights on at a certain time of the day (or night) and turn them off at others. But what is meant by “time-of-day”? There are applications where we might want the lights to go on and off at the same clock-time—seven in the morning and six in the evening, for example—like an office space where we come to work and go home at the same time each day. But there are also applications, like exterior area and facade lighting, where we may want the schedule to be timed to coincide with the actual sunrise and sunset, which changes with the seasons. And instead of simply switching the lighting fixtures on or off, in some cases we might prefer to dim them, like a corporate installation where the circulation areas and hallways should be lit for security reasons and for the benefit of after-hours workers, but don’t need to be lit to a full level all through the night.
Legislation and Codes
Published in Craig DiLouie, Lighting Redesign for Existing Buildings, 2020
Typical solutions will use lower-wattage sources and luminaire optics that have no uplight and good backlighting control. For area lighting in a parking lot, a 150-250W fully shielded shoebox-type luminaire can be a good solution. For lighting near the property perimeter, a sharp-cutoff, forward-throw optic will minimize light trespass. When decorative or landscape lighting is needed, luminaires with low-wattage sources that minimize uplight should be used. Landscape lighting should also use low-wattage sources while aiming light in a downward direction whenever possible.
A Survey on Development and Recent Trends of Renewable Energy Generation from BIPV Systems
Published in IETE Technical Review, 2020
Debayan Sarkar, Anand Kumar, Pradip Kumar Sadhu
A case study by [1] on real-time applications of BIPV in India at CIL’s Corporate Headquarters at Rajarhat, Kolkata having the BIPV plant capacity of 140 kW as mentioned in Figure 8 is described here. The BIPV generation system consists of 632 solar panels that power the UPS for computers, emergency as well as the landscape lighting system of the corporate office of CIL. The additional features incorporated with it are glazing of double layer for heat insulation, paint of low volatile nature which is made of an organic compound, HVAC system having thermal storage, sensors sensing movement and daylight for lighting control as well as water efficient toilet fittings.