China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Laser-Plasma XUV Sources
Published in M.B. Hooper, Laser-Plasma Interactions 4, 2020
The straight sections in storage rings have proved ideal for inserting periodic magnetic structures into the beam to increase the XUV source brightness. These so-called insertion devices are of three types known as (1) wavelength shifters, (2) wigglers, or (3) undulators and are used to physically oscillate the electron beam from side to side as it travels through the magnetic structure at close to the speed of light. The simplest insertion device is a wavelength shifter which consists of a three pole magnet with a magnetic field much stronger than a bending magnet (Fig 19). The stronger B¯-field simply shifts the critical wavelength of the source to a shorter value but the source brightness stays the same.
Fundamentals
Published in Stuart R. Stock, MicroComputed Tomography, 2019
Several types of devices produce the intense magnetic fields required to produce synchrotron radiation (Fig. 2.3). Bending magnets situated periodically around the storage ring deflect the electrons and force them to circulate within the ring (which is a polygon and not a circle). Insertion devices placed between the bending magnets and consisting of a number of closely spaced magnets are another way synchrotron radiation is delivered to experiments. Each bending magnet or insertion device line at a given synchrotron is optimized for certain operating characteristics, and it is beyond the scope of this section to discuss specifics of x-ray imaging stations at a particular ring. Storage rings for synchrotron radiation are typically very large facilities and are found around the world. Because the characteristics of each differ so markedly and change from time to time, the interested reader is advised to do an internet search for further details. Recent development of tabletop synchrotron radiation sources offers another option for x-ray brightness imaging (Hirai, Yamada et al. 2006).
Detector Characterization
Published in Alan Owens, Semiconductor Radiation Detectors, 2019
For third-generation machines, long straight sections are incorporated into the storage ring for the inclusion of insertion devices. These are periodic arrays of magnets designed to produce a series of deflections of the primary electron beam in the straight-line section of the orbit. They consist of one array of magnets above the electron beam path and one co-aligned array below. The poles alternate so that instead of one magnet deflecting the electron beam and generating a single fan of light, an entire array of alternating magnets now deflect the beam such that the electrons follow a wiggling or undulating path. Each deflection produces a kink in the electron trajectory adding to the intensity of the light from that point. There are two basic types of insertion device: wigglers and undulators. A wiggler can be considered a concatenation of N bending magnets and its brilliance scales as N, emitted over a wide bandwidth, whereas in an undulator, the magnets are arranged such that the emitted radiation adds in phase and its brilliance scales as N2, emitted over a narrow bandwidth. A comparison of the on-axis brilliance for bending magnets, wigglers and undulators is given in Fig. 7.23.
Standard variable short period microwave-plasma undulator
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2023
Mansour Hadad, Sirous Yousefnejad, Farhad Saeidi, Javad Rahighi, Babak Shokri
Synchrotron radiation (SR) and free electron laser (FEL) are used frequently in the development of different scientific fields such as physics, chemistry, medicine, and structural biology [1]. To generate SR, two main types of insertion devices are utilized, undulators, and wigglers. Undulators are capable of generating higher photon flux and higher brilliance compared to wigglers, and therefore, they are used widely in newer generations of light source and FEL facilities [2]. Recent studies and researches about undulators are mainly focused on introducing newer designs and structures able to generate radiation with even higher energy, flux, and brightness than conventional undulators currently in use.