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Typical Applications for Computer Vision
Published in Ravi Das, Practical AI for Cybersecurity, 2021
One of the key aspects in Computer Vision as it used by the ANN system is what is known as “Optics.” What exactly is Optics? It can be defined technically as follows:Classical optics is divided into two main branches: geometrical (or ray) optics and physical (or wave) optics. In geometrical optics, light is considered to travel in straight lines, while in physical optics, light is considered as an electromagnetic wave.
Telescopes for Inner Space: Fiber Optics and Endoscopes
Published in Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman, Introduction to Physics in Modern Medicine, 2020
Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman
The direction of each ray of light is described by the angle it makes with the direction perpendicular to the interface. These angles are indicated in Figure 2.6 for the incoming or incident, θ1, reflected, θr, and refracted rays, θ2. One rule of geometrical optics is that the reflected ray always makes the same angle as the incident ray: θr = θ1. This is true for mirror-like surfaces, where almost all of the light is reflected, as well as transparent materials with smooth surfaces. On the other hand, the refracted angle, θ2, can be different from the direction of the original ray, causing the ray's direction to change as it enters the second medium.
Optics and Materials
Published in Lynne D. Green, Fiber Optic COMMUNICATIONS, 2019
When the boundaries of the region under consideration are far away or large compared to the wavelength of the light, geometric or ray-tracing optics can be used. In geometric optics, light is treated as a ray. This ray travels in a straight line in a uniform region of space (region of constant index of refraction). At a boundary between two such regions, the ray is reflected back into the same region and refracted into the second region.
Explicit complex-valued solutions of the 2D eikonal equation
Published in Applicable Analysis, 2022
Observe that in the region in which , ϕ is real-valued and the character of the expansion in (4) is purely oscillatory. This corresponds to the regime of geometrical optics (the light region) in which light propagates along rays. When v<0 instead, an inspection of (4) tells us that W decays exponentially for large values of k. This creates the evanescent waves, which vanish exponentially in the shadow region near the caustic.