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Electrode-Metal Transfer and Surface Phenomena
Published in German Deyev, Dmitriy Deyev, Surface Phenomena in Fusion Welding Processes, 2005
Melting and transfer of electrode or filler metal to the part proceed in the processes of fusion welding, and, primarily, arc welding processes, conducted with consumable electrodes or filler materials. The mode of electrode-metal melting and transfer has a considerable influence on many processes, occurring in welding, and this influence is largely dependent on the kind of welding process. In electroslag welding, the process of electrode-metal melting and transfer is connected with the presence of non-metallic inclusions and impurities in the weld metal. In gas welding, it is related to the composition of the deposited metal and its formation. However, the role of electrode-metal melting and transfer is particularly important in arc welding processes. In this case, they are associated with the efficiency of the welding process, arcing stability, formation and chemical homogeneity of the weld metal, electrode-metal losses for burn-out and spatter, metal interaction with the slag and the gases, etc. Therefore, in this chapter we will focus on electrode-metal transfer in arc welding processes and investigation of the role of surface tension forces in this process. This exercise will provide a knowledge of the facts and factors for influencing and controlling the processes more efficiently.
E
Published in Philip A. Laplante, Comprehensive Dictionary of Electrical Engineering, 2018
Elias' upper bound electronically erasable programmable readonly memory (EEPROM) a term used to denote a programmable read-only memory where the cells are electronically both written and erased. Also known as electrically alterable read-only memory. See also electronically programmable read-only memory. electronically programmable read-only memory (EPROM) Programmable read-only memory that is electronically written but requires ultraviolet light for erasure. electroplastic effect plastic deformation of metals with the application of high-density electric current. electroplastic smart material material with smart properties of elastic deformation changes proportional to a controlled electric current applied in proportion to the sensed deformation. electrorheological property property exhibited by some fluids that are capable of altering their flow characteristics depending on an externally applied electric field. electrorheological smart fluid fluid with smart flow characteristics dictated to change selfadaptively by means of an electric field applied in proportion to the sensed flow parameters. electrorheological smart material material with smart properties of elastic deformation changes proportional to a controlled electric current applied in proportion to the sensed deformation. electroslag welding a welding process that produces coalescence of metals with molten slag that melts the filler metal and the surfaces of the parts to be joined. electrostatic discharge (ESD) the discharge of a body through a conducting path between two pins of an IC. Circuits located at the inputs and outputs of ICs protect the internal devices from ESD events. electrostatic precipitator a method of extracting dust from stack gases or ventilating systems in which ions are laid on the dust particles by highvoltage electrodes and then attracted electrostatically into a trap. electrostatic voltmeter a voltmeter, typically used for voltages in the kilovolt range, in which the pointer is moved by the electrostatic attraction of a pair of metal plates across which the voltage to be measured is applied. electrostriction the tendency of materials to become compressed in the presence of an applied electric field. The change in density is proportion to the square of the electric field strength. This process leads to an increase in the refractive index of the material, describable by n = n 2 I , where n 2 is the (positive) coefficient of the nonlinear refractive index and I is the intensity of the field in units of power per unit area. For condensed matter, a typical value of n 2 is 10-20 m2 /W. element factor in antenna theory, that part of the radiation pattern that is governed by the geometrical shape of the antenna that constrains the current. Elias' upper bound for any (n, k) block code, the minimum distance is bounded asymptotically as dmin 2A(1 - A) n where the parameter A is related to the code rate through the equation k = 1 + A log2 A + (1 - A) log2 (1 - A) n 1 0 A 2
Single-pass arc welding of thick plate structures of 22K steel under a thin slag layer
Published in Welding International, 2018
Y. V. Poletaev, V. Y. Poletaev, A. E. Khubiev
Thick plate welded structures for power systems made of carbon and low-alloy steels are produced in most cases by the high productivity method of electroslag welding (ESW). However, a decrease in the degree of superheating and refining of the structure of the welded joint remains one of the key problems in ESW technology. In order to increase the structural and chemical homogeneity and mechanical properties of welded joints after ESW, the welded joints are subjected to complete heat treatment (normalization with tempering) [1].