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Bacterial Cellulose Surface Modifications
Published in Miguel Gama, Paul Gatenholm, Dieter Klemm, Bacterial NanoCellulose, 2016
João P. Silva, Fábia K. Andrade, Francisco Miguel Gama
In recent years, efforts have concentrated on the development of an electronic display screen that combines the desired optical properties of paper with the dynamic capability of conventional digital screens, a technology commonly referred to as “electronic paper.” This concept was first put into practice by Shah and Brown (2005), who created a dynamic display on BC. After production of a BNC sheet, ions are deposited around the BNC microfibrils, thus making the cellulose an electrically conducting (or semiconducting) sheet. Electrochromic dyes are then immobilized within the microstructure. The system is then encased between transparent electrodes, allowing reversible color changes upon application of switching potentials. The device obtained has several advantages, such as high paperlike reflectivity, flexibility, contrast, and biodegradability, with the potential to be used in e-book tablets, e-newspapers, and other applications.
Visual Displays
Published in Julie A. Jacko, The Human–Computer Interaction Handbook, 2012
Christopher M. Schlick, Carsten Winkelholz, Martina Ziefle, Alexander Mertens
Electronic paper is often regarded as a substitute for paper products such as books and newspapers, as rewriteable paper in the office, as a material for price tags and retail signs, as wall-sized displays, and as a low-power display for smartphones. The general demand of the consumer for information “on the move” by means of sufficiently large, mobile, robust displays has consistently increased over the past years (Bhowmik, Li, and Bos 2008). New technological concepts to satisfy these demands include foldable and flexible displays that can be wrapped around a device, making the screen size to scale with the actual surface area (Myeon-Cheon, Youngkyoo, and Chang-Sik 2008). These “bendable display devices” can have a thickness of only a few micrometers. Candidate technologies are electrophoretic, cholesteric, electrowetting, and OLED displays. Except for OLEDs, all those technologies are reflective so they have certain limitations and are produced only in small scale (Crawford 2005).
The Big Picture: An Overview of Digital Signage
Published in Jimmy Schaeffler, Digital Signage: Software, Networks, Advertising, and Displays, 2012
Electronic paper (also known as e-paper) is another form of digital signage technol- ogy, one that tries to duplicate the look of regular ink on paper, yet reflects light- like ordinary paper and is capable of holding text and images indefinitely without drawing electricity. It will also allow the image to be changed later. Unlike tradi- tional digital displays, e-paper can be bent or crumpled like regular paper, making it ideal for certain applications. It is lightweight, durable, and very flexible, com- pared with other display technologies.
Colour generation for optically driving liquid crystal display
Published in Liquid Crystals, 2020
Ying Ma, Sang Jing Xin, Xiaoyu Liu, Yang Liu, Jiatong Sun, Xiaoqian Wang, Qi Guo, Vladimir G. Chigrinov
Electronic paper and flexible-display technologies have become hot topics for their low price, long hours duration and ability to be easily integrated in different optical devices. In order to maintain ultra-low or zero power consumption and flexibility, removing any backlight and capable of holding text and images without applying any electricity are required. Several e-paper applications with nematic liquid crystal (LC) suffer from high level complexity of driving electronics, which often fail for flexible display due to the insufficient durability of flexible conductor and contact bonding. The ODLCD [1–11] with separated display unit and driving electronics, significantly reduces its structural complexity and enhances duration and flexibility by replacing glass substrates with plastic substrates [1,2].