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Radiation—ionising and non-ionising
Published in Sue Reed, Dino Pisaniello, Geza Benke, Kerrie Burton, Principles of Occupational Health & Hygiene, 2020
Control of ELF radiation also requires specialist expertise (see Section 13.3.7). In power-transmission applications, it is impractical to shield ELF radiation. Instead, attempts are made to control the electric field strength at ground level by locating high-voltage transmission lines high in the air and with a corridor of land around them.
Radiation—ionising and non-ionising
Published in Sue Reed, Dino Pisaniello, Geza Benke, Principles of Occupational Health & Hygiene, 2020
Control of ELF radiation also requires specialist expertise (see section 13.4). In power-transmission applications, it is impractical to shield ELF radiation. Instead, attempts are made to control the electric field strength at ground level by locating high-voltage transmission lines high in the air and with a corridor of land around them.
Health effects of exposure to extremely low frequency fields
Published in Riadh Habash, BioElectroMagnetics, 2020
Current evidence from laboratory and epidemiological studies on the association between exposure to ELF fields and cancer or other harmful health outcomes is inconsistent and inconclusive. Whereas early studies focusing on residents living near high-voltage transmission lines provided some evidence of a link between the risk of leukemia and ELF fields as characterized by Wertheimer and Leeper [42], most of the subsequent studies using actual field measurements failed to confirm the initial findings.
Recent research and development programs for infrastructures maintenance, renovation and management in Japan
Published in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2020
Yozo Fujino, Dionysius M. Siringoringo
To ensure safety of infrastructures made of steel such as steel bridges, simple and accurate inspection methods are essential. Conventional magnetic testing techniques are simple and inexpensive; however, they can only detect surface defects. A non-destructive testing (NDT) method using highly sensitive magnetic measurements for evaluation of deeper and extended defects on steel infrastructure such as bridges is developed in the SIP-sponsored study (Tomioka, Goda, Sakai, Kiwa, & Tsukada, 2017). The system is named an Extremely Low-frequency Eddy Current Testing (ELECT). The basic component and principles of the system are schematically described in Figure 9. The system consists of oscillator, AC power supply, magnetic field applying coil, compensation coil, anisotropic magnetic resistive (AMR) sensor probe, amplifier, and PC.
A real-time logo detection system using data offloading on mobile devices
Published in Cyber-Physical Systems, 2018
We implement our client on a Google Nexus 5 smartphone with all source codes written in Java. More specifically, we use embedded signals to capture the sensor signals and real-time videos. The linear acceleration signal and gyroscope signal are sampled at about 50 samples per second. In order to filter out the irrelevant impact that remains the same during the distance estimation (like gravity), we adopt a three-order high-pass filter. Since the impact that comes from walking is also of extremely low frequency, we set the cut-off frequency as . For the view change detection model, we use a moving window with a size of 30 samples, which is about 0.6 s based on our observations. We let participants record videos and use extra tools to cut them into frames. The participants are responsible for labelling frames, and these frames are then used for the classification model training on the server.
ELF-MF occupational exposure in die-casting and electroplating workers in Korea
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2020
Rajitha Kawshalya Mailan Arachchige Don, Joon-Sig Jung, Yun-Jin Lee, Seung-Cheol Hong
Occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) occurs whenever electrical energy is used in a workplace. Due to the variety of tasks performed in working environments, ELF-MFs are ubiquitous, and exposure invariably occurs. The basic properties of ELF-MFs are related to the wavelength and field polarization, characterized by the so-called near-field and far-field conditions of exposure. The ELF-MF occurring in high-exposure work environments is usually a near field. The effects from exposure to ELF-MFs in chronic disease have become a growing concern over the years. In 1979, Wertheimer and Leeper [1] reported that an excess of electrical wiring configurations suggestive of high-voltage current flow was related to increased incidence of childhood leukemia. However, since that study, the numerous studies that have been performed have failed to provoke extensive interest in the detrimental health effects of ELF-MF exposure, due in large part to limitations in the epidemiological designs and exposure analyses in these studies. The study by Willett et al. [2] found no evidence of childhood acute leukemia. A review study by Marcilio et al. [3] indicated that childhood leukemia was more likely to be associated with ELF-MF exposure, but their findings on the health risks of exposure were controversial. The supplemental report of evidence for childhood cancers in a bio-initiative report showed evidence that EMF exposure can lead to childhood leukemia [4]. However, a 2014 study in the UK involving 16,500 children who developed leukemia between 1962 and 2008 indicated that child leukemia was not linked to EMFs from power lines [5].