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Electrical Planning
Published in Jason E. Weber, The Lighting Supervisor’s Toolkit, 2020
First, we look at Hot Power. “Hot Power” is the common phrase used to refer to unregulated constant power. The outlets in your home, for example, are hot power. The key distinction between dimmed power and hot power is that hot power is unregulated. “Regulation” means that the sine wave of the alternating current is trimmed to maintain a constant voltage range. Dimmed power—even when set to full, “non-dim,” or “switched”—retains this trim. Since many electronic devices require an unaltered sine wave to operate properly, using a dimmer to power these devices can cause unexpected problems and potentially damage the equipment. Always power your electronic equipment with unregulated constant power.
Baseload and How to Improve It
Published in Stan Harbuck, Donna Harbuck, Residential Energy Auditing and Improvement, 2021
Some clients may show reluctance to have their incandescent bulbs replaced with CFLs because of sensationalized news programs involving the mercury content of CFLs or even just because of past experience. You can specify special replacements to make sure that the clients will enjoy the results of the lighting retrofit. For instance, regular CFLs do not work with dimmer switches, and so make sure that a light replacement is “dimmer compatible” if it needs to work on a fixture that uses a dimmer switch. Another example would be bulbs that operate with photocells such as outdoor lighting. Only dimmer compatible bulbs will work in these fixtures.
Operating Wisely
Published in Carl Bozzuto, Boiler Operator's Handbook, 2021
The flow of electricity is analogous to the flow of fluids. Controlling the flow of the electrons controls the flow of electricity. Voltage is, in effect, an electrical pressure that is used to force the flow of electrons. The generation of electricity must produce enough electron flow to keep the voltage up in the same way that the production of enough steam flow can keep the pressure up. Most electric flow control is on−off. Close the switch and open it to control the flow. A dimmer changes the resistance to current flow on one or more lights in order to dim the lights. At other times, special equipment is designed to automatically control the flow.
Effect of the double skin façade material on the thermal performance of the educational building in tropical climate
Published in Architectural Science Review, 2019
Sabrina Barbosa, Klaus Chaves Alberto
As it is crucial to manage light and equipment according to the user needs, the building was considered to be occupied between 8am and 12pm and between 2pm and 6pm, but only 50% of occupancy was set for periods from 9:40am to 10am and from 3:40 pm to 4pm, considered to be break between classes. This decision took into account the usual class hours in the Brazilian Federal Universities. Artificial lighting was set to be controlled by dimmer in response to the local daylight in order to maintain a minimum of 400 lux during class hours, as recommended for classrooms by the Brazilian lighting normative (ABNT 1992). The number of people and equipment set were based on the room use and dimensions. Thermal properties of the building fabric materials, occupancy profile and internal heat gains set in the simulation are summarized in Table 1.
Design reviews on a multipurpose power sockets for different applications
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2018
Chin jie Wong, Umar Nirmal, Sharmeeni Murugan
An electrical ballast is required in the circuit for tungsten halogen lamp to limit the amount of current flows. The device is placed in line with the load of the circuit. There is a variety types of ballast. It can be a simple combination of a resistor, inductor or capacitor to a complex combination that is widely used in compact fluorescent lamps and high-intensity discharge lamps. Ballast in used mainly when a load has its terminal voltage decline when current through the load increases. This continuous increasing of current will damage the power supply and caused it to fail (Ofer, 2012). Ballast is used to provide a positive resistance or reactance that will limit the current. Ballast is mainly used in a fluorescent lamp, a device with negative differential resistance (Nihal, 1998). A lighting source ballast utilizes switching and control technology to convert an alternating current (AC) phase modulated dimmer input voltage into an approximately constant driver current to illuminate the bulb (Melanson, 2010). Figure 32 demonstrates the circuit diagram of a ballast in a lighting system.
Investigation and improvement on storage stability of pyrolysis oil obtained from Aegle marmelos de-oiled seed cake
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Baranitharan Paramasivam, Ramesh K., Sakthivel R.
Inside the reactor core, 2 kg of AM de-oiled cake was filled and the reactor is sealed with a gasket. Purpose of the gasket was to isolate the reactor from the atmosphere surrounding to ensure that the pyrolysis reaction was carried out in absence of oxygen. The reactor temperature was maintained constantly with the help of a proportional integral derivative controller. A dimmer stat is used to regulate the voltage which in turn regulates the current flow to the heating coil. If set temperature and voltage is high it results in high heating rate. Voltage adjustment of the electrical heater was done by dimmer stat, and the required temperature of 600°C was set in the proportional integral derivative control panel.