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Flexible information integration architecture based on cloud native technologies for large cruise ships
Published in Selma Ergin, C. Guedes Soares, Sustainable Development and Innovations in Marine Technologies, 2022
To realize the mutual invocation between the services of each module, the GRPC framework is unified for remote service invocation, which is based on the Remote Procedure Call (RPC) protocol, and can further reduce the degree to which the service modules are coupled (Araújo et al., 2020). Because RPC communication reduces the technical requirements of the server side, it can achieve cross-language service communication and provide the basis for subsequent software integration. The GRPC framework can also provide service fault tolerance and load balancing, to avoid service avalanche and service overload (Indrasiri and Kuruppu, 2020). GRPC uses HTTP/2 for its transport protocol. While compatible with HTTP 1.1, HTTP/2 features many advanced capabilities: A binary framing protocol for data transport while HTTP 1.1 is text based.Multiplexing support for sending multiple parallel requests over the same connection. HTTP 1.1 limits processing to one response message at a time.Bidirectional full-duplex communication for sending both client requests and server responses simultaneously.Built-in streaming enabling requests and responses to asynchronously stream large data sets.Header compression that reduces network usage.
Approach an autonomous vessel as a single robot with Robot Operating System in virtual environment
Published in Journal of International Maritime Safety, Environmental Affairs, and Shipping, 2022
Jaewoo Choi, Byongug Jeong, Gerasimos Theotokatos, Tahsin Tezdogan
GRPC is utilised in order to communicate between Unity and ROS in our model. GRPC, which was developed by Google, is a way to communicate between server to client. It is an open-source framework that combines HTTP/2 and protocol buffer. The HTTP/2 is a strong advantage compared with socket/WebSocket. Protocol Buffer serialises the data to communicate, which means that data expression is changed into a byte unit. Compared with JSON format based on text, it requires less memory and increases the data transferring speed (Popić et al. 2016). The other characteristic of GRPC is HTTP/2. HTTP/1.1, which is the previous version, responds to clients when requests exist. Connections have to be made in every single request, so it is inefficient and shows slow speed (Fielding et al. 1999). On the other hand, enhanced HTTP/2 manage to send multiple messages into a single connection, which is more efficient than HTTP/1.1.