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Mathematical Background
Published in Alfred J. Menezes, Paul C. van Oorschot, Scott A. Vanstone, Handbook of Applied Cryptography, 2018
Alfred J. Menezes, Paul C. van Oorschot, Scott A. Vanstone
2.77 Definition (randomized complexity classes) The complexity class ZPP (“zero-sided probabilistic polynomial time”) is the set of all decision problems for which there is a randomized algorithm with 0-sided error which runs in expected polynomial time.The complexity class RP (“randomized polynomial time”) is the set of all decision problems for which there is a randomized algorithm with 1-sided error which runs in (worst-case) polynomial time.The complexity class BPP (“bounded error probabilistic polynomial time”) is the set of all decision problems for which there is a randomized algorithm with 2-sided error which runs in (worst-case) polynomial time.
Reduction of rain effect on wave height estimation from marine X-band radar images using unsupervised generative adversarial networks
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth, 2023
Li Wang, Hui Mei, Weilun Luo, Yunfei Cheng
To verify the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed method, SWH retrieval based on SNR-based method from rain-contaminated radar echo images is carried out in this section. The rain gauge recorded that there was moderate to heavy rain from January 5 to January 7, 2014. Figure 11 shows the average normalized histogram distribution of the original rain-contaminated radar images and the corresponding radar images after rain correction counted during this period. It can be seen from the figure that rain leads to a staged increase in the intensity of the radar echo signal. The overall histogram distribution of the rain-contaminated radar echo signal intensity shows double peaks and the ZPP is very low. After processing by the de-raining method proposed in this paper, the overall histogram distribution of the echo signal intensity presents a single peak, and the ZPP is significantly improved.