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Innovations in Mine Safety Engineering
Published in Debi Prasad Tripathy, Mine Safety Science and Engineering, 2019
SoftwareVirtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)VRML is a standard file format for interactive simulation within the World Wide Web. VRML is a phenomenon that is universally accessible, can be hyperlinked, and is becoming commonplace on the World Wide Web. It is a file format for describing interactive, three-dimensional virtual environments. It is capable of representing static and animated objects and it can have hyperlinks to other media such as sound, movies, and images (VRML, 1998). VRML has been largely superseded by X3D.X3DX3D is an ISO-ratified, royalty-free, open standard file format and run-time architecture to represent and communicate 3D scenes and objects. X3D is considerably more mature and refined ISO X3D standard. It provides a system for the storage, retrieval, and playback of real-time, 3D scenes in multiple applications, all within an open architecture, and supports a wide range of domains and user scenarios (Web3D, 2018).
The Future of the Market Research Profession
Published in C.A.P. Smith, Kenneth W. Kisiel, Jeffrey G. Morrison, Working Through Synthetic Worlds, 2009
3D web standards A Web3D Consortium has been recently formed to provide a forum for the creation of open standards for Web3D specifications, called X3D specifications, designed for communicating 3D on the web. There are multiple related goals. One goal is to permit a person to move his or her same avatar between multiple 3D worlds, such as Second Life, World of Warcraft, Entropia Universe, Kaneva, There, Lively, RuneScape, Webkinz, Habbo, Club Penguin, Ty Girlz, Neopets, and Whyville. Another goal is to move between platforms for PCs, laptops, cell phones, or automobile navigation systems. Yet another goal is to permit people to move their avatars between 3D and 2D worlds, to provide “inter-dimensional compatibility.” We think all of these are laudable goals. Standards also do not yet exist for unified in-world 3D object coding and scripting languages, and for common communication protocols. For market research, filling these gaps would facilitate doing focus groups, surveys, test markets, consumer observation, and ethnographic studies across multiple virtual worlds.
A Cloud-based Digital Twin Manufacturing System based on an Interoperable Data Schema for Smart Manufacturing
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2020
Yangho Park, Jungyub Woo, SangSu Choi
The output of the ‘Design & Verify Manufacturing Line’ is ‘Manufacturing Lines Layout’. Each process element is arranged on the drawing. For this purpose, ProcessAreaType is defined as in Figure 7(b). ProcessID is included as an attribute so that each facility, worker, MHM, and MHS in the process is placed on the drawing. The location, exit, and entrance coordinates of the process are included. The output of ‘Assemble Basic Factory Layout’ is ‘Verified Basic Factory Layout’. The task performs layout design by arranging both FacilityArea and ProcessesArea in the layout. It contains path element with physical location of layout files such as DWG and DXF. In Layout, the schema is designed to refer to the CMSD so that it can be composed of several floors as shown in Figure 7(c) (Riddick and Lee 2008). Layout also has a path element for managing paths of 3D factories based on JT, VRML, and X3D.
A review of haptic simulator for oral and maxillofacial surgery based on virtual reality
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2018
Virtual rendering is realized on the basis of the OpenGL library (Open Graphics Library, Khronos Group) or DirectX Graphic library (Direct eXtension, Microsoft) in most virtual–realistic surgery simulators. One of the most intuitive methods of incorporating haptics into an application is based on the functions in OpenGL graphics library [24]. For example, H3D API is a high-level API of scene graph developed by SenseGraphics. H3D API uses HAPI as a low-level layer for haptics, OpenGL for graphics, and the X3D XML-based file format to represent the scene. Graphic rendering is developed with the OpenGL library, and haptic rendering algorithms are implemented using the HDAPI in Open Haptics.
The construction of virtual simulation platform for pingtan experimental area based on HTML5 and WebGL
Published in Enterprise Information Systems, 2020
Traditional 3D WebGIS client implementation technologies mainly include Flash, Silverlight, Java Applet, VRML, X3D, etc. Flash and Silverlight technologies have advantages of good structure and strong interaction, so they have been widely concerned by the industry. However, both belong to relatively closed private technologies and lack effective integration with other open standards. JavaApplet 3D animation which has poor rendering performance is not widely used. Early VRML-based 3D WebGIS required to install additional plug-ins in the client browser, and VRML was not portable enough to be integrated with other systems. X3D is the latest updated version of VRML standard, but X3D fails to grow due to the relatively backward production tools and development environment (Ming 2008). How to establish an open, cross-platform, and plug-in free 3D WebGIS has not been effectively solved. The emergence of HTML5 and WebGL creates new development opportunities for 3D WebGIS. HTML5 is a major version of the next generation of HTML jointly created by W3C and WHATWG (Lubbers, Salim, and Albers 2011; Tan, Ding, and Li 2011). WebGL is an open, free and cross-platform 3D graphics API based on OpenGL ES2.0 released by Khronos (Khronos Group 2013). These drawing technology standards allow the combination of JavaScript and OpenGL ES 2.0. WebGL can provide HTML 5 Canvas with hardware-accelerated 3D rendering by increasing a JavaScript binding of OpenGL ES 2.0 and provide support for 2D and 3D graphics in Web environment. Thus, web developers can more smoothly display 3D scenes and models in the browser through system graphics, create sophisticated navigation and data visualisation, and allow users to interact with it. WebGL can perfectly solve the dependence of 3D animation on plug-ins and the problem of using unified cross-platform OpenGL interface to realise the underlying graphics hardware acceleration (Zeng 2012), and is supported by Google, Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Opera and other browsers. Therefore, it has become a vital research direction to provide assistance for geological teaching and realise communication and sharing by effectively utilising WebGL virtual simulation technology (Hu, Li, and Li 2013).