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The origins of BIM in computer-aided design
Published in Ray Crotty, The Impact of Building Information Modelling, 2013
However, wire-frames have two major weaknesses: non-validity, in that it is possible to create a wire-frame model of an impossible object (as in M.C. Escher's drawings), and ambiguity, in that it is possible for a valid model to be interpreted as representing more than one real-world object. These flaws dramatically restrict their usefulness.
BIM technology of implicit and explicit parts of historical building components based on point cloud data and digital radiographic image: a review
Published in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2023
Jun Cai, Sheng-Feng Feng, Li-Lin Huang, Sheng-Cai Xu, Lijuan Lu, Ri-Qiang Wen
Through point cloud data collection, pre-processing, 3D modeling and other steps, the 3D model of the historic building is completed. Hui (Hui et al. 2020) integrated BIM technology and 3D scanning technology are used to complete 3D modeling of building components. The detailed modeling steps of integrating BIM and 3D scanning technology described by the research review of Hui (Hui et al. 2020) include the following: First, determine the architectural heritage, then use the focus S350 3D laser scanner to collect the point cloud data of the architectural heritage after the point cloud data are pre-processed by noise reduction, thinning, registration and so on. Second, the architectural heritage point cloud data are divided into heritage component point cloud data by the depth learning method and imported into the AUTO 3DMAX software to build the surface model of the architectural heritage. The surface model of this component is converted into a wire frame model in DWG format. Finally, the wire frame model is loaded into the component entity model in REVIT software as a contour. Thus, the point cloud data are used as the data source to build the REVIT entity model. The detailed step flow chart of integrating BIM technology and 3D scanning technology is shown in Figure 2 (Hui et al. 2020). The wireframe model diagram and corresponding solid model diagram of building components are shown in Figure 3 (Hui et al. 2020).
Measuring surface texture of in-service asphalt pavement: evaluation of two proposed hand-portable methods
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2023
Glenn R. Matlack, Andrea Horn, Aldo Aldo, Lubinda F. Walubita, Bhaven Naik, Issam Khoury
Texture data were logged as a three-axis OBJ shape file describing the location of vertex points in a wire-frame model of the scanned object (Figure 2). Preliminary trials showed a maximum resolution of 1–2 mm (0.08 in) depth when scanned at this height, a scale adequate to document most surface irregularity in the macrotexture range (Wambold et al., 1995).
Improving central line needle insertions using in-situ vascular reconstructions
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2021
Leah A. Groves, Natalie Li, Blake VanBerlo, Natan Veinberg, Terry M. Peters, Elvis C. S. Chen
The clinical deployment of this system would require the clinician to perform the reconstruction in situ just prior to the insertion. In this validation study, the vascular reconstruction was performed once prior to the entire experiment to keep the evaluation environment consistent between users. The vasculature was reconstructed with respect to the tracked phantom box, such that it could be visualised in the natural spatial location for each user. These 3D models of the IJV and CA were registered to the same coordinate system as the tracked tools and rendered on a 2D monitor. The CA was displayed as a fully opaque surface in red, and the IJV was displayed as a blue wire-frame model. We took advantage of the standard computer-graphics rendering pipeline relating to the computation of z-buffer values: the colour of the opaque solid surface mesh of the needle changes naturally when it is situated between or behind the wire-frame of the vasculature with respect to the viewing direction of the virtual camera. In addition to providing a more intuitive depth perception, this colour change does not incur any additional computation cost during the rendering process. This visualisation was selected to render the IJV reconstruction as it provides an intuitive 3D perspective based on the relationship between the needle model and trajectory and the IJV. Figure 4 compares the wireframe visualisation to a solid but semi-opaque visualisation technique for the IJV. For both approaches, the vessel model is occluded when the needle or trajectory are in front of the IJV. When the needle or trajectory intercept the wireframe model they appear as blue to the user, and if they are behind the wireframe model they become occluded. However, when using the semi-opaque solid model, there is little difference in the visualisation when the needle or trajectory intercept the vessel compared to when they are behind it. Thus, the wireframe visualisation approach provided the user with an intuitive 3D coordination of their tools with respect to the target vasculature. Moreover, the wireframe allows the user to position their needle and trajectory in the centre of the vessel. If their needle is on the periphery of the vessel model, as depicted in Figure 5a,b, only a small portion of the needle appears blue. Performing the insertion at the position where the needle trajectory is maximally blue ensures the needle is centred within the vessel (Figure 5c).