China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Innovations in Mine Safety Engineering
Published in Debi Prasad Tripathy, Mine Safety Science and Engineering, 2019
SoftwareVirtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)VRML is a standard file format for interactive simulation within the World Wide Web. VRML is a phenomenon that is universally accessible, can be hyperlinked, and is becoming commonplace on the World Wide Web. It is a file format for describing interactive, three-dimensional virtual environments. It is capable of representing static and animated objects and it can have hyperlinks to other media such as sound, movies, and images (VRML, 1998). VRML has been largely superseded by X3D.X3DX3D is an ISO-ratified, royalty-free, open standard file format and run-time architecture to represent and communicate 3D scenes and objects. X3D is considerably more mature and refined ISO X3D standard. It provides a system for the storage, retrieval, and playback of real-time, 3D scenes in multiple applications, all within an open architecture, and supports a wide range of domains and user scenarios (Web3D, 2018).
New Directions and Final Thoughts
Published in Hojjat Adeli, Sanjay Kumar, Distributed Computer-Aided Engineering, 2020
Since VRML viewers are included with popular web browsers such as Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Communicator, engineers can view and navigate a VRML world on most platforms, ranging from inexpensive PCs to powerful Unix workstations. The vendor-neutral, platform-independent nature of the VRML standard makes it an attractive alternative to conventional engineering file formats that require expensive viewer software. Figure 8-1 shows a turbine equipment being viewed in the Internet Explorer browser.
Modeling conditions required for recognition of building elements from site images
Published in Manuel Martínez, Raimar Scherer, eWork and eBusiness in Architecture, Engineering and Construction, 2020
VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) is an open, extensible, industry-standard scene description language for 3D scenes, or worlds, on the Internet. With VRML viewers, users can view and interacted 3D worlds that are rich with text, images, animation, sound, music, and even video. VRML 1.0 supports worlds with relatively simple animations while VRML 2.0 supports complex 3D animations, simulations, and behaviors by allowing Java and JavaScript programmers to write scripts that act upon VRML objects.
Mining Metaverse – a future collaborative tool for best practice mining
Published in Mining Technology, 2023
The industrial visualisation shown in the Althoff (2022) presentation echoes a concept presented by LeBlanc-Smith et al. (2000) where geological, orebody and mining data were visualised via a VRML model for a web browser (Figure 3a). LeBlanc-Smith et al. (2000) presented a web-based diverse data integration example that showed a 3-D highwall image, working seam floor structure contours, planned longwall workings, drillholes intersections of sandstone, coal, and P-tuff marker, oriented structural information, and a 3-D seismic section. The seam floor was rendered translucent to reveal seismic reflectors beneath. LeBlanc-Smith et al. (2000) noted that a thick lenticular roof sandstone exposed in the highwall could be readily identified in the 3-D seismic section. This showed the power of a collaborative use and display of diverse data sets in an ‘Industrial Metaverse’.
A Cloud-based Digital Twin Manufacturing System based on an Interoperable Data Schema for Smart Manufacturing
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2020
Yangho Park, Jungyub Woo, SangSu Choi
The output of the ‘Design & Verify Manufacturing Line’ is ‘Manufacturing Lines Layout’. Each process element is arranged on the drawing. For this purpose, ProcessAreaType is defined as in Figure 7(b). ProcessID is included as an attribute so that each facility, worker, MHM, and MHS in the process is placed on the drawing. The location, exit, and entrance coordinates of the process are included. The output of ‘Assemble Basic Factory Layout’ is ‘Verified Basic Factory Layout’. The task performs layout design by arranging both FacilityArea and ProcessesArea in the layout. It contains path element with physical location of layout files such as DWG and DXF. In Layout, the schema is designed to refer to the CMSD so that it can be composed of several floors as shown in Figure 7(c) (Riddick and Lee 2008). Layout also has a path element for managing paths of 3D factories based on JT, VRML, and X3D.
The construction of virtual simulation platform for pingtan experimental area based on HTML5 and WebGL
Published in Enterprise Information Systems, 2020
Traditional 3D WebGIS client implementation technologies mainly include Flash, Silverlight, Java Applet, VRML, X3D, etc. Flash and Silverlight technologies have advantages of good structure and strong interaction, so they have been widely concerned by the industry. However, both belong to relatively closed private technologies and lack effective integration with other open standards. JavaApplet 3D animation which has poor rendering performance is not widely used. Early VRML-based 3D WebGIS required to install additional plug-ins in the client browser, and VRML was not portable enough to be integrated with other systems. X3D is the latest updated version of VRML standard, but X3D fails to grow due to the relatively backward production tools and development environment (Ming 2008). How to establish an open, cross-platform, and plug-in free 3D WebGIS has not been effectively solved. The emergence of HTML5 and WebGL creates new development opportunities for 3D WebGIS. HTML5 is a major version of the next generation of HTML jointly created by W3C and WHATWG (Lubbers, Salim, and Albers 2011; Tan, Ding, and Li 2011). WebGL is an open, free and cross-platform 3D graphics API based on OpenGL ES2.0 released by Khronos (Khronos Group 2013). These drawing technology standards allow the combination of JavaScript and OpenGL ES 2.0. WebGL can provide HTML 5 Canvas with hardware-accelerated 3D rendering by increasing a JavaScript binding of OpenGL ES 2.0 and provide support for 2D and 3D graphics in Web environment. Thus, web developers can more smoothly display 3D scenes and models in the browser through system graphics, create sophisticated navigation and data visualisation, and allow users to interact with it. WebGL can perfectly solve the dependence of 3D animation on plug-ins and the problem of using unified cross-platform OpenGL interface to realise the underlying graphics hardware acceleration (Zeng 2012), and is supported by Google, Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Opera and other browsers. Therefore, it has become a vital research direction to provide assistance for geological teaching and realise communication and sharing by effectively utilising WebGL virtual simulation technology (Hu, Li, and Li 2013).