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Key Generation
Published in Vinay Rishiwal, Sudeep Tanwar, Rashmi Chaudhry, Blockchain for 6G-Enabled Network-Based Applications, 2023
Surendra Kumar, Narander Kumar
Encryption uses a public key in plaintext conversion and decryption using a private key for ciphertext conversion. Both public and private keys are based on the concept of prime numbers and are calculated by multiplying the prime numbers. The size of the key is 1024 to 2048 bits. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) uses an advanced encryption scheme: 128, 192, or 256 variable key bits, which are used to encrypt data blocks with 128,192 or 256 symmetric keys. The encryption is done based on the key size in 10, 12, and 14 rounds. The DES (Data Encryption Standard) encryption algorithm has 56-bit keys. The triple-DES is an advancement of the DES encryption algorithm [10]. The key length of DES is increased by using the algorithm thrice with three keys. Here the encryption algorithm is carried out at three levels, and the DES key size is extended in the Triple-DES algorithm using the DES algorithm thrice with three keys.
Miscellaneous
Published in Dan Zwillinger, CRC Standard Mathematical Tables and Formulas, 2018
Suppose Alice wants to send a message (the plaintext) M to Bob. Using a key Alice encrypts M to create the ciphertext E, and sends E to Bob. Bob converts E back to M, also using a key. The goal is to make it difficult to convert E to M if some information is unknown. Common cipher classes include:Secret key cryptography uses one key for encryption and decryption. Examples include:Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a block-cipher that is out of use. Triple-DES with 168‐bit keys is currently used.Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) uses a block-cipher with 128-bit keys and blocks.Public key cryptography uses one key for encryption and another key for decryption. These depend upon one-way functions; mathematical functions that are easy to compute but difficult to invert. (The existence of one-way functions has never been proven. If P = NP, then they do not exist.)
Coding
Published in Goff Hill, The Cable and Telecommunications Professionals' Reference, 2012
Many cryptosystems have been developed, both by government agencies and commercial organizations. The first public standard system was the National Bureau of Standards Data Encryption Standard (DES), which is a block cipher with a 64-bit block length involving both substitution and transposition under the control of a 56-bit key (NBS, 1977). The original proposal was for a 64-bit key, and there are claims that DES keys have been broken in less than 24 hours and that DES is therefore too insecure for many applications. Triple DES, which consists of applying DES three times in succession, is believed to be secure in practice. DES has now been superseded by the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known as Rijndael (NIST, 2001). AES has a fixed block size of 128 bits and a key size of 128, 192, or 256 bits.
Energy Efficient Lightweight Cryptography Algorithms for IoT Devices
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Tarun Kumar Goyal, Vineet Sahula, Deepak Kumawat
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is private key symmetric block cipher, which is faster and stronger than triple DES. In AES 128 Bit plain text converts into 128-bit cipher text with the help of 128 bit, 192 bit, and 256 bit keys. It is shown in Figure 2. To increase the complexity, its operation repeated for round of 10, 12, and 14 (). In every round requires four-word byte so total requirement for 128 bit size. First four word is the key and then they are expanded to calculate remaining 40 words for 10 rounds. This technique is called as key expansion. Each round includes Sub Bytes, Shift rows, Mix column, add round key, and last round is slightly different in which mix column is not present.
Efficiency Analysis of Cryptographic Algorithms for Image Data Security at Cloud Environment
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2021
3DES (Triple DES) is introduced to increase the complexity and reduce the weakness of DES [18]. 3DES uses three times larger keys than DES that is it uses a 168-bit key (3 × 56) [19]. Triple DES works in two ways [20]: 3DES with three keys and 3DES with two keys. In the first way, the Triple DES uses three keys K1, K2 and K3 while encrypting plaintext. First, it performs encryption in plaintext P, which is encrypted using K1 and obtain the first ciphertext C1. Again this ciphertext is encrypted using key K2 which obtain the second cipher C2. Which is again encrypted using K3 and generates final ciphertext C3. In the second way, the 3DES uses two keys K1 and K2 while encrypting plaintext. First, it performs encryption on plaintext P, which is encrypted using K1, contains first ciphertext C1. Again this ciphertext is encrypted using key K2 which obtains the second ciphertext C2. Which is again encrypted using K1 and generate final cipher text C3.
Secured Model for Internet of Things (IoT) to Monitor Smart Field Data with Integrated Real-Time Cloud Using Lightweight Cryptography
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2021
The use of independent key encryption has long been excluded because of a very minimal additional protection relative to the single DES, and the next obvious choice is to execute the triple DES [25], that is, three separate variations of the DES algorithm. Triple DES, is of great practical relevance, especially in the payment sector. In order to increase protection, DES applies two different variants, namely 2-key and 3-key DES, that have both been thoroughly explored. As a way to significantly improve the protection of DES, the general concept of three DES iterations was stated by Diffie and Hellman in 1977. In practice, the convention for encryption is that instead of three successive encryptions (K1 key), decryption (K2 key), and encryption (key K3). The encryption-decryption-encrypting method is backward-compatible, if K1 = K2 = K3. This will make it much easier to move from one to three DES. If K1, K2 and K3 are selected individually, then it is known as 3-key triple DES.