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Insights of 3D Printing Technology with Its Types
Published in Harish Kumar Banga, Rajesh Kumar, Parveen Kalra, Rajendra M. Belokar, Additive Manufacturing with Medical Applications, 2023
Ranbir Singh Rooprai, Jaswinder Singh
A slicer program converts a 3D model into several thin layers. It creates an STL G file that transmits printer commands that involves processing before you print the STL 3D models. A variety of slicer open source programs are available, including Slic3r, KlSSlicer and Cura. The G code is followed by the 3D printer, which produces varieties of model instructions by putting the liquid, powder or sheet material in successive layers [10].
Medical Applications for 3D Printing
Published in Yoseph Bar-Cohen, Advances in Manufacturing and Processing of Materials and Structures, 2018
David K. Mills, Karthik Tappa, Uday Jammalamadaka, Patrick A.S. Mills, Jonathan S. Alexander, Jeffery A. Weisman
Slicer is a software that cuts a CAD model into many horizontal slices (layers). It generates a tool path by converting the design data into movement of the filament deposition head of a 3D printer along the X, Y, and Z axis over the build area (Cheng et al. 2016). Printing parameters such as deposition head speed, rate of material flow from the head, and cooling fan speed can be modified accordingly using this software.
An implicit slicing method for additive manufacturing processes
Published in Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 2018
AM includes several prototyping technologies including: Stereolithography (Jacobs 1992), Electron Beam Melting (Murr Lawrence et al.2012), Direct Metal Deposition (Lewis and Schlienger 2000, Mazumder et al.2000), Selective Laser Sintering (Gibson and Shi 1997, Kruth et al.2003, 2005), and Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). While each process offers application-specific advantages, each is based upon a layered build approach and consequently uses slicing algorithms. A slicer algorithm takes a three-dimensional geometric model and generates a set of basic instructions (or GCode) which is used to operate the AM system during the build process (ReplicatorG). Slicer algorithms intersect the input model geometry with distanced parallel planes to create a set of 2-dimensional domains; that, when stacked on top of each other, represent a digitized-layered model of the original geometry. A tool path is then created for each layer or ‘slice’, and the part is manufactured layer-by-layer, from the bottom up.
Multiplane fused deposition modeling: a study of tensile strength
Published in Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 2019
Ismayuzri Bin Ishak, David Fleming, Pierre Larochelle
The MotoMaker platform and the Duplicator 4 printer with 0.4 (mm) nozzle diameter were used to fabricate tensile test specimens using polylactic acid (PLA) material. The tensile test specimens were prepared according to the standard test method for tensile properties of plastics from ASTM D638 (ASTM D638–142014) for type IV tensile specimens. Figure 4 shows the layering configurations for preparing the tensile specimens. Three different print orientations were used: upright, on-edge, and horizontal as shown in Figures 5, 6, and 7. Multiplane printing has two build directions in the same print while single-plane printing has one build direction. For single-plane printing, the specimens were printed using the MotoMaker platform and the Duplicator 4 printer. The MotoMaker platform was used to print the specimens for multiplane printing. Figures 5, 6, and 7 show the printing toolpaths for the different layering orientations with respect to the build platform using the MotoMaker platform and the Duplicator 4 printer. For each of the orientations shown in Figures 5, 6, and 7, five tensile specimens were made. In total, 45 test specimens were prepared. All specimens were printed with 100% infill. The layer height and raster width for all the specimens were set to 0.4 (mm) and 0.6 (mm), respectively. The tensile specimens were printed with a test section design thickness and width of 4 (mm) and 6 (mm), respectively. Average and standard deviation for the actual thickness, the width of the test section, and specimens weight are shown in Tables 4, 5, and 6. The width and thickness of each tensile specimen was measured using calipers with a resolution of 0.01 (mm). Process planning parameters (infill design, perimeter, layer height, and orientations) to print the tensile specimens were made to be the same by using a slicer software to produce a printing toolpath for the MotoMaker platform (single and multiplane) and the Duplicator 4 printer. The slicer software converts the 3D part geometry to a stack of two dimensional surface planes. The two dimensional surface planes consist of perimeter walls and an infill. By defining the quantity of the perimeter walls and the infill design, a printing toolpath can be generated. An example of the toolpath generated for the tensile specimen in the horizontal orientation with three perimeter walls and ±45 (deg.) raster angle for the infill design is shown in Figure 1. Figure 8 shows the toolpaths generated for the single-plane and multiplane configurations with respect to the printing orientations. Cross section views of the printing toolpaths are shown in the Figure 8. Long black lines shown in the Figure 8 are the printing toolpath trajectories and diamond shapes are cross sections of the printing toolpaths in orientations perpendicular to the cross section shown.