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Evolution of Web
Published in Akshi Kumar, Web Technology, 2018
Currently most of the Web content is suitable for human use. Today, typical uses of the Web include seeking information, publishing content, searching for people and products, shopping, reviewing catalogues, and so on. Dynamic pages are generated based on information from databases, but without original information structure found in databases. The problems with the current Web search results are high recall, low precision as the results are highly sensitive to vocabulary. Moreover, the results are single Web pages, and most of the published content is not structured to allow logical reasoning and query answering. The obvious shifts are from the era of “Web of Documents” to the “Web of People” to the “Web of Data.” The Web of Data is an upgrade to the Web of Documents (also World Wide Web). The Web now has a huge amount of decentralized data, which can be accessed by various simple and standardized methods. Though this decentralized data is primarily machine accessible, it should also be made machine understandable in order to endorse Web as a powerful source for knowledge dissemination. Semantic Web, also known as Web 3.0, envisions the content to be machine-processable. According to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), “The Semantic Web provides a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries” (Berners-Lee et al. 2001). The term Semantic Web was coined by Tim Berners-Lee for a web of data that can be processed by machines. As per Berners-Lee et al. (2001), “The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.” The architecture of the Semantic Web is described by Semantic Web Stack. Figure 5.3 shows the Semantic Web Stack.
How to derive a geovisualization from an application data model: an approach based on Semantic Web technologies
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth, 2021
Matthieu Viry, Marlène Villanova-Oliver
In this paper, we present a state of knowledge on these issues and introduce our proposal: CoViKoa. This name, acronym of the French expression meaning ‘how do we visualize what’, expresses its purpose: to offer vocabularies and methods for describing the elements that constitute a geovisualization. These methods are implemented in the form of a framework using World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Semantic Web stack that includes the Resource Description Framework (RDF), its associated RDF Schema (RDFS), the Web Ontology Language (OWL) and the SPARQL query language. Our framework is instrumented by a system of rules written with the Shapes Constraint Language – Advanced Features (SHACL-AF), allowing to use the expressiveness of SPARQL, and is organized around a graph database (a triplestore).