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Transition from Relational Database to Big Data and Analytics
Published in Mohiuddin Ahmed, Al-Sakib Khan Pathan, Data Analytics, 2018
Santoshi Kumari, C. Narendra Babu
The key characteristics of relational database are to support ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability) property [15] that guarantees consistency in handling all the transactions. RDBMS includes a relational database and a schema to manage, store, query, and retrieve the dataset. The RDBMS maintains data integrity through the following characteristics: Tuple and attribute orders are not important.Each entity is unique.Each cell in the table contains a single value.An attribute should contain all the values of the same data space.In a database, table names and attributed names should be unique. But two different tables can have similar attribute names.SQL (Structured Query Language) is used for administrative operations, which include data definition language (DDL), data manipulation language (DML), and data access layer (DAL).
General introduction
Published in Adedeji B. Badiru, Handbook of Industrial and Systems Engineering, 2013
A relational database can be built based on the relational data model, where data are stored in tables and all operations on data are either done on the tables themselves or produce other tables as a result of the operation. Several languages have been created to generate and manipulate these relational tables. The most common one among them is the ANSI Standard SQL (Structured Query Language). SQL queries are used to perform tasks such as updating data in a database, or retrieving data from a database. Even though there are various versions of SQL software available from different database vendors, the ANSI standard SQL commands can still be used to accomplish most tasks. There are two major groups of SQL commands. One, termed Data Definition, is used to build the database structure, such as creating or updating tables. The other one, termed Data Manipulation, is used to query or input data. The following example illustrates this concept.
Database administration
Published in Benjamin S. Baumer, Daniel T. Kaplan, Nicholas J. Horton, Texts in Statistical Science, 2017
Benjamin S. Baumer, Daniel T. Kaplan, Nicholas J. Horton
While keys help maintain the integrity of the data, indices impose no constraints—they simply enable faster retrieval. An index is a lookup table that helps SQL keep track of which records contain certain values. Judicious use of indices can dramatically speed up retrieval times. The technical implementation of efficient indices is an active area of research among computer scientists, and fast indices are one of the primary advantages that differentiate SQL tables from R data frames.
An Enhanced Entity Model for Converting Relational to Non-Relational Documents in Hospital Management System Based on Cloud Computing
Published in IETE Technical Review, 2022
A. Samydurai, K. Revathi, L. Karthikeyan, B. Vanathi, K. Devi
In addition to this, the relational database system comprises four different processes that include SELECTION, INSERTION, DELETION, and UPDATION. In a relational database system, the SELECTION option is employed in the retrieval of data that further encompassed projections and joints. Also, the INSERTION, DELETION, and UPDATION processes are employed to vary the main command and data. SQL is considered a declarative language that is used by the relational database system to store the data. Here, the data are retrieved, stored, as well as modified by means of different types of SQL in a relational database system. Moreover, a relational model was introduced by Edgar Frank Codd; in which he provides a solution in overcoming the difficulty that occurred during accessing and storing data by means of twelve different rules that are referred to as E.F. Codd’s twelve rules [32]. The usability and the benefits of the relational databases are explained by means of an experimental database system that further developed a declarative language referred to as SQL which is known for standard database interaction.
Simulation-based optimisation using simulated annealing for crew allocation in the precast industry
Published in Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 2018
The main inputs to the system are: orders (demand) from customers, which includes numbers, sizes, quantities and specifications of precast concrete components, to be produced in each labour-intensive production line at each section; labour information which includes different combinations of crews, workers, crew processing time and other workers’ related information such as worker skill and costs. The labour information is stored in a relational database using the Structured Query Language (SQL). SQL is a standardised programming language used for managing relational databases. This language enables simulation to access and retrieve these inputs through a developed input integration component. This component is one of the main process components that developed to enable such input integration. Process