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Semantic Web Technologies
Published in Archana Patel, Narayan C. Debnath, Bharat Bhushan, Semantic Web Technologies, 2023
OWL provides semantic models for defining and reasoning about data. Another SWT standard is the Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) [11]. SHACL provides a language to define constraints on each property. These constraints include legal datatypes, number of values, ranges for numeric properties, patterns for string properties, logical relations with other properties, etc. These constraints are known as Shapes in SHACL. A SHACL Shape provides a collection of constraints that apply to a class and its properties.
End-user engineering of ontology-based knowledge bases
Published in Behaviour & Information Technology, 2022
Audrey Sanctorum, Jonathan Riggio, Jan Maushagen, Sara Sepehri, Emma Arnesdotter, Mona Delagrange, Joery De Kock, Tamara Vanhaecke, Christophe Debruyne, Olga De Troyer
An alternative is to use the Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) (Knublauch and Kontokostas 2017). With SHACL, a W3C Recommendation, one can validate RDF graphs. That is, one can validate the structure of triples in a Closed World Setting, with little to no utilization of an ontology language's capability .6 SHACL provides a set of ‘core’ constructs for declaring rules (value- and data type checking, cardinality, value ranges, comparisons,…which can be combined with a set of logical operators). While the jigsaw metaphor can guide end users in entering information that is valid with respect to the jigsaw blocks, validating the knowledge base with SHACL is still valuable due to the fact that the integration of data via other means is often also possible or needed (automatic data lifting, see Section 3.2.2). One can apply SHACL not only to validate the contents of a knowledge base, but also to validate data prior to integration.