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Software and Technology Standards as Tools
Published in Jim Goodell, Janet Kolodner, Learning Engineering Toolkit, 2023
Jim Goodell, Andrew J. Hampton, Richard Tong, Sae Schatz
JSON-LD is a popular format for encoding linked data on the web. It’s based on the widely used JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) format, which is a low-overhead alternative to XML. JSON is an open standard for file and data interchange that uses human-readable text to store and transmit machine-readable data objects. It supports attribute-value pairs, arrays of data objects, and any other data that can be serialized into text strings. It’s commonly used to structure data for storage or transfer, for instance, between local and cloud components of distributed web applications. The LD in JSON-LD stands for Linked Data.7 In the O*NET example, you could have used JSON-LD to link the O*NET competencies into the metadata of your course. The instrumentation standard xAPI also uses JSON formatting, and xAPI Profiles use JSON-LD @context files to specify design patterns for instrumentation and to link to controlled vocabularies.
Semantic Technologies as Enabler
Published in Sarika Jain, Understanding Semantics-Based Decision Support, 2021
Microformats were introduced around 2005 and have a fixed domain-specific vocabulary which is not extendable or customizable. But no microformats exist for some scientific data, such as chemical or zoological data. In contrast to domain-dedicated microformats, Resource Description Framework in attributes (RDFa) can be used for custom data and multiple schemas. RDFa brings the document web and the data web closer together by embedding arbitrary vocabularies into HTML if no matching microformat is found. RDFa (introduced around 2007) and JSON-LD (introduced around 2014) are World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) specifications and RDF serializations. They are therefore preferred methods of encoding. As compared to microdata, RDFa allows multiple vocabularies. JSON-LD is a lightweight and ideal linked-ata format. It organizes and connects the messy data of the web, reducing its ambiguity and uncertainty. Like JSON, JSON-LD is easy for machines to parse and generate, and it is easier for humans to read and write.
Open data standards and BIM on the cloud
Published in Pieter Pauwels, Kris McGlinn, Buildings and Semantics, 2023
Pieter Pauwels, Dennis Shelden, Jan Brouwer, Devon Sparks, Saha Nirvik, Tim Pat McGinley
Many of the features that are present for JSON are maintained in JSON-LD, and it is mainly the addition of contextual data and identifiers (RDF, URIs) that makes a big difference in the interpretation of results and data. Also in the case of JSON-LD, the main purpose is to make data available through databases and web services, and move forward to data sharing using common and accessible data repositories and services, instead of exchanging files in a much less concurrent or live manner.
The Current Merging Principles for Digital Twinning and Connecting Internet
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2021
This World Wide Web consortium Web of Thing (WoT) standing Company's purpose intends help combat diversity throughout the Internet through offering “cornerstones” that may complement but also improve current technologies. This same WoT Thing Description, having become one authorized third-party service effective February 2020, is arguably this same greatest fundamental among these foundation pieces. This Touchdown run represents a postmodern for describing current internet capabilities, such as one DT as well as a subset from such Decision tree termed something. Every something, generally shown throughout Figure 8, consists essentially every collection containing characteristics, activities (methodologies that may well be called upon this Object), but also happenings. Our classification is mainly JSON-based, having extra capabilities allowing introducing restrictions, such are tokens over integers [23]. Defensive players are identified by URLs which might have processed JSON-LD, JSON, or RDF. There exists no capability for geographic, contextual, as well as past events under that specification. Another amongst the main benefits of using this same Touchdown pass seems to be because this then seems to be simple into integrating descriptive metadata to any component with the system because all of that has been built using Semantic Web technology.
Towards a knowledge base to support global change policy goals
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth, 2020
Stefano Nativi, Mattia Santoro, Gregory Giuliani, Paolo Mazzetti
In the EO domain, there exist several initiatives and programmes aiming at recognizing and formalizing well-known (scientific) variables – for example, the Climate and Forecast (CF) convention standard names,6 the Community Surface Dynamics Modeling System (CSDMS) standard names,7 EEA GEMET,8 and NASA SWEET.9 Also for formal encoding languages and schemas, there exist some collaborative community-based activities to create, maintain, and promote schemas for structured data on the Internet. A valuable example in point is Schema.org vocabulary10 covering diverse domains and supporting different encodings, including RDFa, Microdata and JSON-LD (W3C 2018). Indeed, the use of URIs in RDF facilitates a marketplace of terms and vocabularies.
Earth observations for sustainable development goals monitoring based on essential variables and driver-pressure-state-impact-response indicators
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth, 2020
Joan Masó, Ivette Serral, Cristina Domingo-Marimon, Alaitz Zabala
This work extents the graph to include SDG indicators. A Unified Modeling Language (UML) class diagram (see Figure 6) shows the different concepts and relations used in the graph as well as the properties of each one. The UML has been transformed into a JSON schema file. A JSON file (conformal and validated with the JSON schema) describes each object and relates it to other objects. The graphical library d3.js (https://d3js.org/) is used to draw the graph in a web page. Each element of the graph is active: by hovering on the element, the element and the first level related elements are illuminated while the rest are shadowed. This characteristic permits fast visual navigation over the graph. By clicking one of the objects, a panel presenting more details about the object is displayed. User can also choose to display the data as a list of objects or in a tabular form. Finally, a JSON-LD library converts the JSON file into an RDF document for the LOD.