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Radio Studios
Published in Skip Pizzi, Graham A. Jones, A Broadcast Engineering Tutorial for Non-Engineers, 2014
Reel-to-reel recorders (also called open-reel), because of their long lengths of easily accessible 1/4 inch recording tape, were most useful for recording and playing back long programs, and for editing program material by physically cutting and splicing the tape. The system records stereo channels using two parallel tracks on the tape. Various tape speeds were used, the highest normally being 15 ips, which provided high audio quality. Long-play versions, using very low tape speeds, were often used for logging and archive purposes. All standard tape speeds were derivatives of 15 ips, with 7.5 ips being most common in radio for reel-to-reel recorders. Versions of this type of recorder, with tape up to 2 inches wide, were also used for multitrack music recording, although not often found in radio studios.
Digital Audio Processing
Published in David C. Swanson, ®, 2011
The “musical” instrument here is the “open-reel magnetic tape recorder” where several were put together in tandem to allow a controllable time-delayed signal to be produced. Typical reel-to-reel tape recorders pulled the tape over a set of erase, playback, and recording “heads” that are electromagnet transducers, at a constant speed controlled by a heavy cylindrical capstan pinching the tape against a rubber “idling” wheel. The take-up (right in Figure 4.3) and supply reels (left in Figure 4.3) were motor driven and the tape was held tight using spring-loaded control arm guides that could take up any slack in the tape as the reel speeds synchronized. These were very sophisticated machines and great care was taken to ensure that the tape moved at precise constant speeds. However, if two tape machines (tape decks) were arranged side by side as shown in Figure 4.3, the tape could follow a path from the supply reel over the tape heads on the left-hand tape deck, then over the heads on the right-hand deck and up to the take-up reel there. One could record on the tape using the left-hand deck and playback the recorded signal from the right-hand deck with a pure delay of anywhere from a fraction of a second to even seconds later. The time delay between recording and playback could be adjusted by varying the tape speed or the distance the tape traveled between the two tape decks. The “tape-delayed” signal is a pure HiFi copy of the original recorded signal, unlike the rich and complex echoes of the reverberation devices described in the previous section. Mixing the delayed signal back into the original recorded signal is what produced all the interesting and artful sound effects.
Storage and transmission of spatial sound signals
Published in Bosun Xie, Spatial Sound, 2023
Reel-to-reel recorders are widely used in professional recording/playback. Since the 1970s, compact cassette recorders have been widely used in consumer recording/playback. With the development of various digital audio storage techniques, compact cassette recorders have been gradually removed.
Recent developments in hot embossing – a review
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2021
Swarup S. Deshmukh, Arjyajyoti Goswami
A combination of a conventional kind of reel-to-reel hot embossing and gas-pressurized hot embossing was made as an innovation in reel-to-reel hot embossing. The gas-pressurized system supports in even pressure dispensation during the molding stage. Additionally, the use of a vacuum pump instead of a mechanical ejector avoids the distortion of the replicated microstructure during the demolding step.[216] Conventional and innovative reel-to-reel hot embossing is shown in Fig. 26 (a, b), respectively.