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Integration and Application of Fog, IoT and Edge Computing
Published in Ravi Tomar, Avita Katal, Susheela Dahiya, Niharika Singh, Tanupriya Choudhury, Fog Computing, 2023
Mohammed Ali Shaik, P. Praveen, T. Sampath Kumar
Low-Power and Lossy Networks Routing: Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (6LoWPAN) face tremendous challenging issues in routing viz., resource constraints, frequent topology changes and multi-hop networking. Specific application requirements should be considered for both IPv6 and 6LoWPAN components [28]. A good amount of support is provided by RPL protocols for connection layers that are constrained, lossy, etc. RPL is predominantly used in host or switch gadgets with significant benefit in building/home automation and urban applications [29]. It can rapidly develop and organize routes, appropriately learn routes among hubs and adjust the topology in an extremely effective manner. In the most regular setting of RPL, the hubs of the system are connected to the root node or gadgets that are routed in a multi-hop manner. Also, the root node is responsible for data accumulation and coordination [30]. For every topology, a Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG) is made by representing join costs, hub qualities/status data and an objective function that maps the improvement of the actual situation. RPL can incorporate various types of activities, and the data exchanged among hubs are flagged that rely upon the prerequisites of the data streams [19]. Point-to-Point (P2P), Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) and Multipoint-to-Point (MP2P) communications are supported in RPL. Comparison of these IoT protocols are presented in Table 13.1.
Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy IoT Networks
Published in Hongjian Sun, Chao Wang, Bashar I. Ahmad, From Internet of Things to Smart Cities, 2017
Xiyuan. Liu, Zhengguo. Sheng, Changchuan. Yin
Routing is always challenging for resource constrained sensor devices, especially in large scale networks. The IETF Routing Over Low-power and Lossy networks (ROLL) working group has been focusing on routing protocol design and is committed to standardize the IPv6 routing protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (LLN). RFC6550 [55], first proposed by ROLL group of IETF in the form of a draft to define Routing Protocol over Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL), serves as a milestone in solving routing problems in LLNs. With an explosion of network scale and application deployments, RPL is designated to provide a viable solution to maintain connectivity and efficiency in a cost effective way.
A Systematic Review Paper on Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols in Internet of Things
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
International Engineering Task Force (IETF) has provided a standard routing protocol for low power and lossy network (RPL), in this component, connected by IPv6. This helps in connecting IoT sensors with their sink node to the IP network as shown in Figure 5. RPL helps in building and connecting various applications of IoT such as in-home automation, smart grid, industrial IoT, wireless sensors network, and many others (Figure 6). Random deployment of sensors node and connected through the internet.