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A Lightweight Digital Voting Platform Using Blockchain Technology
Published in Keshav Kaushik, Shubham Tayal, Susheela Dahiya, Ayodeji Olalekan Salau, Sustainable and Advanced Applications of Blockchain in Smart Computational Technologies, 2023
Nithin Kamineni, Veera Nitish Mattaparthi, A. Mona Reddy, T. Mahalakshmi, Vamsi Pachamatla, Kuldeep Chaurasia, Tanmay Bhowmik
Blockchain is a decentralized ledger which can be viewed as a block of chains where each block contains a set of data. The process of adding a new block to the Blockchain is known as mining. The miners use Proof of Work (POW) algorithms to add new blocks to Blockchain. The blockchain for e-voting is shown in Figure 10.1. Each block can be identified by using a unique cryptographic hash. The block thus formed will contain a hash of the previous block, so that blocks can form a chain from the first block to the formed block linked with the help of linked list data structure. The voting block is shown in Figure 10.2. We created decentralized application using a public Blockchain where its transactions don’t require any permission.
Secure Digital Health Data Management in Internet of Things Using Blockchain and Machine Learning
Published in Chinmay Chakraborty, Digital Health Transformation with Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence, 2022
Susmit Das, Sreyashi Karmakar, Himadri Nath Saha
A number of consensus algorithms are used to validate new blocks and link them to the genesis blockchain. The consensus process lets blockchain network nodes agree upon adding a new block to the blockchain network [27]. In the bitcoin network, one of the consensus algorithms is called Proof of Work (PoW) in which a mathematical puzzle must be solved by miner nodes to validate and add a block [28]. The difficulty of the mathematical puzzle is generated by a variable called ‘nonce’, which is short for “number only used once” [29], according to which the time needed to validate new blocks can be changed as per the computation power of the miner nodes [30].
Internet of Things and Blockchain
Published in Sudhir Kumar Sharma, Bharat Bhushan, Aditya Khamparia, Parma Nand Astya, Narayan C. Debnath, Blockchain Technology for Data Privacy Management, 2021
Ansh Riyal, Parth Sarthi Prasad, Deepak Kumar Sharma
Proof of Work (PoW) is used as one of the mechanisms for consensus building and achieving agreement on the distributed network of blockchain to confirm transactions and produce new blocks on the blockchain. With PoW, prospective miners can compete against each other in an effort to validate the various transactions for a reward. We find the probability of being selected for building the next successive block, which is linked to the computation power of the system.
Rain Drop Service and Biometric Verification Based Blockchain Technology for Securing the Bank Transactions from Cyber Crimes Using Weighted Fair Blockchain (WFB) Algorithm
Published in Cybernetics and Systems, 2023
Transactions are established via continuous blocks. People validate this block referred to as miners. Each block is verified and added to the Blockchain. Miners want to solve complex mathematical problems. Solving mathematical problems is known as Proof of Work (PoW). Including a block on a Blockchain is referred to as mining. A hacker will no longer be capable of altering records on the Blockchain because each user has a copy of the ledger. The data within the blocks are encrypted with complex algorithms. Blockchain can be described as a collection of records, blocks connected, strongly resistant to alteration, and protected by the use of cryptography. A Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology (DLT). It can be a text report, excel, or a Database (Relational Database Management System, RDBMS, and Oracle). When sharing the database or ledger to all the community, every node has its copy.
A study on Diem and Aptos distributed ledger technology
Published in International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, 2023
Giuseppe Antonio Pierro, Giacomo Ibba, Roberto Tonelli
To add a block of new transactions to the blockchain, a miner must solve the puzzle. The first miner to solve the puzzle sends (proposes) the block to the rest of the network for agreement. If the network agrees on the solution to the puzzle, the miner is rewarded for creating the block and the block is added to the blockchain (the miner wins this round of competition). Through a combination of game theory and economics (effectively betting CPU cycles, which cost money, to win the reward), Proof of Work (PoW) incentivizes consensus instead of attempting to enforce it. Essentially a miner is rewarded for securing the network.
How blockchain impacts the supply chain finance platform business model reconfiguration
Published in International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 2023
Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology and can be understood as a database architecture that generates, updates, and accesses data through P2P transmission, cryptographic approaches, and a consensus mechanism (Crosby et al. 2016). The basic unit of blockchain is called a block that includes the solution and the transaction broadcasted to other entities. The simplified blockchain is shown in Figure 1. The block includes the block hash which contains the information about the previous block’s block hash. As a consequence, the blockchain has the structure of a linked block (Tschorsch and Scheuermann 2016). The key of blockchain technology is reflected in four aspects (Dolgui et al. 2020). First, the distributed validation networks ensure trust among the involved parties without any authoritative intermediaries (Treiblmaier 2018). Second, the group consensus mechanism realises the immutability of transaction records. Blockchain technology uses consensus strategies such as proof of work (POW) to allow each node in the distributed network to take part in the transaction validation. Third, asymmetric cryptographic approaches guarantee the reliability of the data (Tschorsch and Scheuermann 2016). Finally, smart contract technology enhances contract execution efficiency and reduces labour costs. The execution rules of a contract can be set in advance in the smart contract, the contract will be executed automatically once the specified conditions are met (Hughes et al. 2019). Due to these features, scholars claimed that blockchain has huge potential to disrupt transaction approaches and facilitate transformation in multiple industries. Blockchain advocates claim blockchain can create a so-called ‘Internet of Value’, as it has the ability to transfer property rights online (Treiblmaier 2018).