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Occupational health, basic toxicology and epidemiology
Published in Sue Reed, Dino Pisaniello, Geza Benke, Kerrie Burton, Principles of Occupational Health & Hygiene, 2020
Two epidemiological approaches commonly employed are: observational studies—for example, ecological, cross-sectional, case-control, longitudinal or cohort studiesexperimental studies—for example, randomised controlled trials, field trials or community trials. Since nearly all studies in occupational epidemiology are observational studies, we will not deal further here with experimental studies. The observational studies can be listed as follows, in order of methodological strength:
Occupational health, basic toxicology and epidemiology
Published in Sue Reed, Dino Pisaniello, Geza Benke, Principles of Occupational Health & Hygiene, 2020
Two epidemiological approaches commonly employed are: observational studies—for example, ecological, cross-sectional, case-control, longitudinal or cohort studiesexperimental studies—for example, randomised controlled trials, field trials or community trials. Since nearly all studies in occupational epidemiology are observational studies, we will not deal further here with experimental studies. The observational studies can be listed as follows, in order of methodological strength.
Evidence-Based Ergonomics
Published in Philip D. Bust, Contemporary Ergonomics 2006, 2020
The aim of this study was to develop and test a general purpose “Epidemiological Appraisal Instrument (EAI)” for evaluating existing studies or as a tool for designing new observational studies using a critical appraisal system rooted in epidemiological principles. The types of observational studies that may be evaluated by the EAI include: cohort (prospective and retrospective), intervention (randomized and non-randomized), case-control, cross-sectional, and hybrid (e.g., nested case-control).
Assessing variability of antineoplastic drugs handling practices in clinical settings
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2019
There are several limitations associated with this pilot study. Observational studies are prone to bias. While attempts were made to minimize the influence of the investigators’ presence on work practice, it was apparent on several occasions that there was some likely deviation from typical work practices. The small sample size limits the generalizability of the results across other oncology centers, and any association between frequency of touch and probability of that surface being contamination was not tested in this study. Despite these limitations, surfaces found to be most frequently touched in this study were frequently identified in other studies as being contaminated.[9]
Prevalence of mortality in cannabis consumer motorcyclists: meta-analysis of international studies
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2020
Fatemeh Sadat Asgarian, Mahshid Namdari, Hamid Soori
For the present study an extensive research was conducted, studies were selected and data were extracted clearly. In this study, observational studies such as cross-sectional, case control and cohort were used. Studies included in our review assessed motor vehicle mortality, defined by the World Health Organization as “a mortality or prevalence that may lead to death, occurring on a public Road and involving at least one moving vehicle (Peden et al., 2004).