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SWARM-Based Data Delivery in Social Internet of Things
Published in Fadi Al-Turjman, Smart Things and Femtocells, 2018
Mohammed Zaki Hasan, Fadi Al-Turjman
These problems necessitate the development of fault tolerant routing approaches that require minimal additional computation regardless of any additional communication requirements, hence as to construct or recover the selected path [9]. Basically, multipath routing protocols provide tolerance to failures and increase the network reliability [9]. The fault tolerant routing problem is often formulated as Multi-objective Optimization Problem (MOP) to establish k-disjoint paths that guarantee connectivity even after the failure of up to k − 1 paths. To have a more realistic analysis of our model, we formulate the strong fault tolerant routing problem as a MOP that is are treated simultaneously while being subjected to a set of constraints. Multiple objective may or may not be conflicting; therefore, multiple objectives cannot achieve their respective optimal values at the same time contrary to the problems of Single-Objective Optimization (SOP) as illustrated in Figure 7.2. Furthermore, a single globally optimal solution that is considered the best with respect to all objective functions may be non-existent. Therefore, MOP means shall be identified in order to formulate a SOP and achieve Pareto-optimal solutions. The decision maker has to choose the best solution depending on the priorities of the Quality of Service (QoS) objectives to achieve.
Optimal path selection for AODV routing protocol in MANET
Published in Debatosh Guha, Badal Chakraborty, Himadri Sekhar Dutta, Computer, Communication and Electrical Technology, 2017
Soma Manna, Arun Kumar Mondal, Piyu Sarcar
Traditional routing protocol for MANETs uses a single path between the source and destination. When this path fails, a potentially expensive operation was usually performed to locate an alternate route to the destination (Perkins 2000) (www.ietf.org/html.charters/manetcharter.html). This may cause excessive delay, call blocking, and extra overhead on the routing layer of the network. Multipath routing is an alternative to single-path routing, and aims to establish multiple paths between the source and destination pair and has several benefits. In this paper, we focus on AODV reactive routing protocol, which sets up a route between two nodes only when there is a need to send actual traffic between two nodes. AODV routing protocol is accomplished by flooding the network with route request messages, requesting information on the route from the source to the destination. In due course, destination receives the route request message and responds to it with necessary path information. In this paper, we use the AODV routing protocol to find the most secure and reliable path (Lou 2005).
Adaptive Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks
Published in Mohamed Ibnkahla, Adaptation and Cross Layer Design in Wireless Networks, 2018
Hong Luo, Guohua Zhang, Yonghe Liu, Sajal K. Das
The potential problem in the above protocols is that once the optimal route is determined, it will be used for every transmission. This may not be an ideal solution from the network’s point of view. Using the optimal path frequently leads to energy depletion of the nodes along that path and, in the worst case, may lead to network partition. To counteract this problem, data forwarding could use different paths at different times; thus, any single path does not get energy depleted quickly. Compared with the single-path strategy, multipath routing can balance traffic loads among multiple nodes, and can respond to network dynamics where nodes can join and leave the network.
Congestion Control of Multipath Parallel Transmission of Data for Blockchain Applications
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Video streaming has become a popular genre of applications, but it consumes a significant amount of user network bandwidth [1,2]. In general, video players require a large amount of media data and most video applications require batch data transfer. The traffic generated by batch data transfer accounts for more than 70% of overall traffic on the Internet [3]. Due to the relevance and universality of batch data transfer, network technology research has focused on enhancing the batch data transmission performance [4]. Data transmission technology has evolved from client/server technology to P2P technology [5]. For every communication pattern, the networks that are competent to meet the demands of computer systems must have effective congestion controls [6]. The multipath routing technology has been one of the alternate routing strategies used in Blockchain-based communications and multipath streaming applications [7]. Multipath routing is a network layer technique that selects the traffic distribution path by the network intermediate node (router) according to the layered concept of networking [8]. In certain circumstances, the end system is aware of the numerous end-to-end pathways available in the network [9]. In the wired context, multipath data transmissions are recently being offered to address bandwidth limitations, end-to-end latency variations, and recurrent losses [10].
Efficient video transmission—a critical review of various protocols and strategies
Published in Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 2021
Ali Siddique, Abdul Rauf Bhatti, Ahmed Bilal Awan, Arslan Dawood Butt, Ali S. Alghamdi, Muhammad Farhan, Nadia Rasheed
Another emerging transport-layer protocol is multipath TCP (MPTCP), which is an extension of TCP (Ford et al. 2013). The purpose of MPTCP is to increase system throughput by the use of multiple available paths. In traditional systems, only one type of interface was available for accessing the Internet. However, in modern systems, multiple types of interfaces such as Ethernet, 3 G, and Wi-Fi are available. As a result, the traditional approach does not allow systems to get the benefits offered by the use of multiple interfaces. This is the reason behind the emergence of MPTCP; MPTCP allows systems to use multiple interfaces such as 3 G and Wi-Fi simultaneously. In this way, the overall throughput of the system is increased. Such an approach can especially be helpful for video streaming that demands more resources than normal (Wu et al. 2014, 2014a, 2015, 2015a, 2016, 2016a). The good news is that no new infrastructure is required as such to deploy MPTCP because MPTCP can use the same socket interface as the one used by traditional TCP. Some security issues, however, need to be addressed: multipath routing can result in cross-path data fragmentation, making firewalls and malware scanners inefficient when they only see traffic on a single path. For more information on MPTCP, refer to (Wu et al. 2014, 2014a, 2015, 2015a, 2016, 2016a).
A metric for measuring power efficiency and data throughput in mobile ad hoc networks
Published in International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, 2019
Todd A. Newton, Eugene B. John
Another technique is to use multiple paths to route data from the source to the sink. The goal of multipath routing is to share the network load in order to prevent any single node from performing all the intermediate routing. In addition to spreading the power consumption across multiple devices, it also reduces the need for issuing a route discovery request when one of the routes fails due to mobility of the wireless nodes [7,8]. This type of routing algorithm is also referred to as a cooperative routing scheme.