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Fundamentals of Internet of Things
Published in Bhawana Rudra, Anshul Verma, Shekhar Verma, Bhanu Shrestha, Futuristic Research Trends and Applications of Internet of Things, 2022
Sarthak Srivastava, Anshul Verma, Pradeepika Verma
MQTT:Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is a TCP-based publish/subscribe protocol, often called a lightweight messaging protocol, much used in industries for communication between devices, servers, and applications. MQTT is one of the protocols with the widest application area because of its low power and bandwidth consumption and also low latency. The publishers are the clients that want to distribute some information on any particular subscriber, and can publish it to the server, which can be referred to as a broker. When any other client (subscriber) wants that information and has subscribed for it, the broker sends that information to the respective subscriber. The complete transmission of data between the clients (publisher and subscriber) is handled by the broker (server). Any client can be a publisher or subscriber, or even both, and moreover they are typically unaware or each other in this protocol [42].
Messaging System: MQTT
Published in Volker Ziemann, A Hands-On Course in Sensors Using the Arduino and Raspberry Pi, 2018
EPICS is not the only system to integrate a large number of sensors and actuators under a common interface. Another such system is the message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) [6] protocol that was originally created by, among others, IBM, in order to collect information from widely distributed infrastructures such as oil pipelines in a battery-saving and energy-efficient as well as robust and secure way. Today it is a protocol commonly used to pass messages between devices that constitute the Internet of Things (IoT) and is now ISO-standard ISO/IEC 20922. MQTT is based on a publish/subscribe method between clients with a message-passing broker in the middle. The broker acts as the hub passing messages from one client that publishes data to another that subscribes to published data. The name of the parameters that are passed around are referred to as “topic.” They are organized hierarchically, such that the name weatherstations/stationA/node1/temperature
Role of Real-Time Big Data Processing in the Internet of Things
Published in Kuan-Ching Li, Hai Jiang, Albert Y. Zomaya, Big Data Management and Processing, 2017
Miyuru Dayarathna, Paul Fremantle, Srinath Perera, Sriskandarajah Suhothayan
The MQTT protocol has been developed based on publish/subscribe pattern through which message brokers operate. The message broker acts as a server as well as it relays messages between clients, which enables the messages to cross firewall boundaries. MQTT connects embedded devices and networks with applications and middleware. MQTT is aimed for resource-constrained devices that use unreliable, low-bandwidth links. MQTT is based on TCP protocol. MQTT has been used in multiple applications such as energy meters, Facebook notifications, healthcare, monitoring, etc. MQTT represents an ideal messaging protocol for the IoT and M2M communications and is able to create routing for small, low-cost, low-power, and low-memory devices in vulnerable and low-bandwidth networks.
MQTT Vulnerabilities, Attack Vectors and Solutions in the Internet of Things (IoT)
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
Ahmed J. Hintaw, Selvakumar Manickam, Mohammed Faiz Aboalmaaly, Shankar Karuppayah
MQTT publishes and subscribes its messages at a particular topic, which can be represented as a subject field. Wildcard designators feature in the MQTT topics can restrict the received messages to particular topics [74]. MQTT topics depict the following characteristics: Topics are expressed as UTF-8 strings managed by the mediated entity (broker) to filter and clarify all messages of the connected clients.Topics consist of different levels in MQTT and can be more than one. A forward slash (/) is used to separate the level, representing as a structure of a logical tree.Topics are employed by the publishers and subscribers for dispatching messages and subscribing from other publishers.The wildcards feature in the topic allows subscribing at once to a multiple/exact topic, as described in the following: ○ +, precisely individual level.○ #, several random levels.
An IoT-based Framework of Vehicle Accident Detection for Smart City
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
Pankaj P. Tasgaonkar, Rahul Dev Garg, Pradeep Kumar Garg
The sensors information acquired from ultrasonic, accelerometer is stored on the ThingSpeak Cloud. It can integrate, visualize, and analyze real-time data. A channel is created that can store the data from the sensors. Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is a publish/subscribe communication protocol that uses Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) sockets or WebSockets. MQTT over WebSockets can be secured with SSL. It assures that communication is with the intended sensors only. It can work efficiently even with the minimum bandwidth of the network. After having proper analysis from the cloud, it is necessary to react to the data with the necessary action that is required. A channel was created with the Application Peripheral Interface (API) keys and a field was assigned for each output of the sensor. The field shows the real-time output on the cloud.
Ethernet-Based Servo-Hydraulic Real-Time Controller and DAQ at ELSA for Large Scale Experiments
Published in Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2022
Marco Peroni, Pierre Pegon, Francisco Javier Molina, Philippe Buchet
An additional remote service (MQTT) was also implemented recently for ELSAREC as a client. MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is an open OASIS and ISO standard (ISO/IEC 20922 2016) lightweight, publish-subscribe network protocol (in contrast to HTTP with its request/response paradigm) that transports messages between devices that need bandwidth-efficiency and low battery consumption. The controller when it starts, connects an MQTT broker and publishes and subscribed certain numbers of predefined signals. At ELSA, the broker runs on an openwrt (arduino Yun Linux-based operating system designed to run on embedded devices like routers) configured to adapt and mirror data signals received from the Control Master and/or DAQ Master to another network where these signals can be managed easily. This allows to offer the users of a test telepresence capabilities available either on computers or phones as seen in Fig. 16.