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Routing and Addressing
Published in Rui Valadas, OSPF and IS-IS, 2019
Address representationFigure 1.4 illustrates the address representation used in IPv4 and IPv6. IPv4 addresses are represented in dotted-decimal notation, i.e. using four decimal numbers separated by a dot, where each number corresponds to the decimal value of one octet, e.g. 128.10.2.30. Due to their length, IPv6 addresses are represented in hexadecimal notation, with 16-bit blocks separated by a colon, e.g. 2001:0db8:000d:000a:0000:0000:0000:0003. Several simplifications can be adopted to shorten the address representation, e.g. skip leading zeros in a 16-bit block and replace one group of consecutive zeros by a double colon. With these two simplifications, the previous IPv6 address would be represented as 2001:db8:d:a::3 (see Chapter 3 of [14] for additional discussion).
Role of Open Source, Standards, and Public Clouds in Autonomous Networks
Published in Mazin Gilbert, Artificial Intelligence for Autonomous Networks, 2018
SNAS provides several unique features including: Supports a BGP Monitoring Protocol (BMP) collector [50]. A BMP client operates on a BGP router and transmits all BGP routing information bases to the SNAS collector. The collector can also consume public BGP data feed such as routeviews.Parses received BMP and BGP information and produces it to a Kafka bus.REST APIs, Kafka consumer, and database schemas for rapid application development.Support for BGP, OSPF/ISIS, L3VPN, Segment Routing, IPv4/IPv6, and MPLS.
Concept of IP-Address Lookup and Routing Table
Published in Weidong Wu, Packet Forwarding Technologies, 2007
IP is the suite of protocols that helps all these networks communicate with each other. IPv4 is the version of IP most widely used in the Internet today. The IP address is the unique identifier of a host in the Internet. IPv4 addresses are 32-bits long and when broken up into four groups of 8-bits, are commonly written in the dotted-decimal notation. For example, the address 10000010 01010110 00010000 01000010 corresponds in dotted-decimal notation to 130.86.16.66. It is sometimes useful to view an IPv4 address as 32-bit unsigned numbers on the number line, [0…(232 − 1)], called the IP number line. For example, the IP address 130.86.16.66 represents the decimal number 2186678338 (130 × 224 + 86 × 216 + 16 × 28 + 66).
ICMPv6-based DDoS Flooding-Attack Detection Using Machine and Deep Learning Techniques
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
Ali El Ksimi, Cherkaoui Leghris, Samira Lafraxo, Vinod Kumar Verma
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) is a connectionless network protocol used for assigning IP addresses to computers. The successor of IPv4 officially reached saturation in 2011, IPv6 offers 128-bit addresses (against 32 bits for the previous version) and thus offers a larger address space. These addresses take the form of hexadecimal writing with 8 groups of 2 bytes. On the other hand, IPv6 brings greater security. Authentication and confidentiality are the major security features of the IPv6 protocol. ICMP for IPv6 (Internet Control Message Protocol Version 6) is an integral part of the IPv6 architecture and must be fully supported by all implementations of IPv6. ICMPv6 combines functions previously subdivided across different protocols, such as ICMP v4 (Internet Control Message Protocol version 4), IGMP (Internet Group Membership Protocol), and ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), and it introduces some simplifications by eliminating type's obsolete messages that are no longer used.